(ICL-IP, South Charleston, WV), and covered with white virtually impermeable film (0.038 mm; Berry Plastic, Evansville, IN). Two SF treatments and six and seven CRF treatments containing PCU and polymer-coated compound N (54% NH 4 + , 46% NO 3 – ), P
, the pathogen can be spread among plants in plasticulture when rainwater carries the pathogen across the impermeable mulch surface and into neighboring crop holes ( Granke et al., 2012 ). Intense crop-weed competition may also contribute to increased
2.5 cm by 2.0 cm impermeable polyethylene plastic zip-lock bag (S-15165; Uline, Pleasant Prairie, WI), weighed using an electronic analytic balance (AJ100; Mettler Toledo, Columbus, OH), and the dry weight was recorded before the harvest. For each
Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 Impermeable pavement around trees in parking lots and other places can cause severe deterioration of tree growth. Porous concrete with better water
Mar. 2018 (WSU AgWeatherNet, 2019). Lower soil volumetric water content under PE mulch may be due to its impermeability that prevented rainfall from percolating into the soil. Bilck et al. (2010) reported BDMs made from PLA and polybutylene adipate
apertures become neatly tucked inside the impermeable exine ( Chaffey, 2010 ; Couturier et al., 2013 ). Despite the early recognition of the importance of the pollen-wall structure in folding, the process remains obscure ( Katifori et al., 2010 ). Just
evaluated with varying levels of success. Many adverse effects on landscape plant growth have been reported with the use of impermeable landscape plastic materials including restricted root growth, water and nutrient stress, and reduced soil oxygen and they
impermeability and, ultimately, senescence owing to oxidation of cell membrane vital components ( Awad et al., 2011 ). The mechanism by which elicitors exert their effects involves decreasing ethylene production in vegetables and fruits ( Baenas et al., 2014
impermeable film (TIF) plastic mulch. An in-row plant spacing of 30 cm was used in Georgia for a plant population of 17,939 plants/ha. In Florida, the in-row plant spacing used was 60 cm for a plant population of 8969 plants/ha. At both locations, a single
becoming overly wet can be helpful for early planting. However, if a large area is covered with impermeable tarps then water runoff and potential edge erosion must be considered. Temperature in the top few inches of soil is another important factor for