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Contribution no. 4188 of the Clemson Univ. Dept. of Plant Pathology and Physiology. This work was supported in part by the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and by the Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program, U
1 Research geneticist. 2 Research plant pathologist. This work was supported, in part, by the Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Support Program (IPM CRSP), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), under Grant Numbers LAG-4196-G-00
1 Research genetieist. 2 Research plant pathologist. The technical assistance of F.P. Maguire, M.M. Hulsey, and E.L. Corley, Jr., is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported, in part, by the Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research
1 Research Geneticist. 2 Research Plant Pathologist. We acknowledge the assistance of Agricultural Research Technicians F.P. Maguire and M.M. Hulsey. This work was supported in part by the Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research
Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Support Program (IPM CRSP), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), under Grant No. LAG-4196-G-00-3053-00. The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal
1 Research Geneticist. 2 Research Plant Pathologist. The technical assistance of F.P. Maguire. M.M. Hulsey, and E.L. Corley, Jr. is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported, in part, by the Integrated Pest Management Collaborative
research was partially supported by funding from the North Central Region Integrated Pest Management Program. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the Univ. of Illinois or the
Electronic information systems that take advantage of new technological developments on the Web are a key towards fulfilling the mission of the extension educator; i.e., to help individuals, families and communities put research-based knowledge to work in improving their lives. Webpages are one key to achieving this goal, but vertical searches using search engines are tedious and inefficient. There is a need for a) rapid and easy access to verifiable information databases and b) the coordination of good information resources that are already available on the Web in an horizontal format. NurseryWeb was developed as an open information resource within a frames environment that enables users to gather information about a variety of nursery-related material; e.g., cultural information, diagnostic criteria for disease and pest identification, data on integrated pest management and marketing data. In addition, a password-protected communication resource within the page provides nurserymen with conferencing and direct email connections to nursery extension specialists through WebChat™, as well as providing time-sensitive data, alerts, and links to professional organizations. A number of critical issues remain unresolved—e.g., the integrity of information links, data and picture copyright issues, and software support. Nonetheless, the ease of use, availability of information in remote areas at relatively low cost, and 24-hr access assures that this type of information provision will become dominant in the future.
In recent years, several studies have demonstrated the potential of proteinase inhibitors (PIs) for controlling insect pests. Used as a component of an integrated pest management program, such an approach must, however, be considered with care, given the potential risks of interference on other control approaches. In particular, the effect of PIs on digestive proteinases of beneficial insects must be determined. As an example, this study analyzed the effect of oryzacystatins (OCs), two cysteine PIs isolated from rice, on digestive proteinases of Perillus bioculatus, a predator of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), a major pest. Electrophoretic analyses showed the existence of several cysteine proteinase forms in the digestive tract of P. bioculatus. For each developmental stage, OCs dramatically inhibited proteolytic activity, showing an affinity between these inhibitors and the digestive proteinases of the predator. Despite their potential for controlling CPB, the two rice cystatins thus represent possible growth-suppressing compounds for the beneficial insect P. bioculatus. Work is currently under way to assess the compatibility of the two control approaches.
Tests in experimental plots over two seasons have shown that it is possible to obtain excellent control of eggs and larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) under Quebec growing conditions by augmentative releases of a generalist predator, the twospotted stinkbug P. bioculatus. The stinkbugs were mass-reared on CPB eggs and larvae in the laboratory, and were released as second or third instar nymphs at the time of peak beetle oviposition. They were introduced manually at ratios of 2-4 predators : beetle egg mass in plots comprising ≈1000 `Kennebec' potato plants. Short-interval sampling after introduction indicated good rates of establishment and survival of the released P. bioculatus nymphs. Analysis of CPB egg recruitment and mortality indicated high rates of destruction of CPB eggs by the stinkbug. Egg destruction was followed by significant predation of late-instar bugs on CPB larvae, resulting in significant reductions of CPB prepupal and adult densities, and excellent foliage protection in treated plots compared to untreated controls. The results will be discussed with reference to traits of P. bioculatus that make it a good candidate for biocontrol of the CPB, and to problems yet to be resolved before augmentative releases of the predator can be used as an integrated pest management tactic in larger scale potato production.