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Kotanen, 2004 ) and rarely exist in the inner canopy of forests, which indicates that they may not be shade-tolerant. Previous research ( Gu et al., 2003 ) suggested that there was a range of A under identical PPFD within the Betula genus. A better

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plant. Forest dieback as a result of increasing drought intensities has frequently been reported worldwide, from semiarid areas in Australia to Algeria in North Africa, and to Costa Rica in Latin America ( Allen et al., 2010 ; Hartmann et al., 2015

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By 2050, ≈70% of humans are expected to live in urban areas ( Dye, 2008 ). Urbanization has exposed humans to more artificial elements. Continuous exposure to these environments exacerbates human stress levels. Increases in stress levels caused by

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urban environment than indigenous species ( Williams et al., 2015 ). The built environment also is a factor influencing invasive plants, such as changes resulting from land subdivision and greater human presence exacerbating the vulnerability of

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, the National Institute of Forest Research has cross-bred S. caprea and S. gracilistyla to develop high biomass productivity varieties. A study using PCA to analyze 21 flower characteristics (12 for female flowers and nine for male) showed that S

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. pulverulenta (Schlecht.) Benth. were initiated by Gonzalez et al. (1967) . Pan (1985) extended the hybridization to L. diversifolia (Schlecht.) Benth. (2n = 104), L. trichandra (Zucc.) Urban (2n = 52, as “Div2n”), L. shannoni Donn. Smith (2n = 56

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urban and suburban landscapes. Across this range, flowering dogwoods have been severely affected by dogwood anthracnose [ Discula destructiva ( Redlin, 1991 )] and powdery mildew [ Erysiphe pulchra ( Li et al., 2009 )]. Because of the importance of

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Shrub rose response to production in smart pots and conventional containers using two contrasting substrates Subtrop. Plant Sci. J. Rio Grande Valley Hort. Soc. 58 1 4 Balisky, A.C. Salonius, P. Walli, C. Brinkman, D. 1995 Seedling roots and forest floor

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incidents of brown spot, sooty blotch, and aphids were observed. This cultivar was authorized by the Forest Variety Certification Committee of China in 2022. Description Among existing Lagerstroemia germplasm, ‘Ning Xiang 3’ most resembles ‘Fen

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Jiangsu. A few incidents of Cercospora leaf spot, sooty mold, and aphids were observed. This cultivar was authorized by the Forest Variety Certification Committee of China in 2022. Description Among existing Lagerstroemia germplasm, ‘Ning Xiang

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