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Many native and ornamental grasses can provide year-long beauty and interest including autumn and winter ( Plowes, 2012 ) to residential, business, municipal, and natural landscapes. They can be used as specimen plants; accent plants; or for

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in 2024. Container-grown nursery plants are ≈68% of the $4.5 billion nursery industry, according to the 2019 Census of Horticultural Specialties ( US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service 2019 ). Ornamental plant

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. Ornamental Kale Grown in High Tunnels for Winter Bouquets Demand for locally grown flowers is increasing, and utilizing high tunnels for flower production may help to supply these markets. O’Connell (p. 855) evaluated the effects of two fall planting dates

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Hydrangeas ( Hydrangea sp.) are popular ornamental plants due to their enormous, round flower heads blooming in white, pink, red, purple, or blue in spring and summer. It was listed as the third most used plant in a 2011 survey of 4000 landscape

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Nell, 1992 ). Use of plant growth regulators during woody ornamental plant production is less common than in floriculture crop production. Several studies have tested nursery crop response to uniconazole ( Frymire and Cole, 1992 ; Frymire and Henderson

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Irrigation of container-grown ornamental crops can be very inefficient, using large quantities of water. Much research was conducted in the 1990s to increase water efficiency. This article examined water management, focusing on three areas: water application efficiency (WAE), irrigation scheduling, and substrate amendment. Increases in WAE can be made by focusing on time-averaged application rate and pre-irrigation substrate moisture deficit. Irrigation scheduling is defined as the process of determining how much to apply (irrigation volume) and timing (when to apply). Irrigation volume should be based on the amount of water lost since the last irrigation. Irrigation volume is often expressed in terms of leaching fraction (LF = water leached ÷ water applied). A zero leaching fraction may be possible when using recommended rates of controlled-release fertilizers. With container-grown plant material, irrigation timing refers to what time of day the water is applied, because most container-grown plants require daily irrigation once the root system exploits the substrate volume. Irrigating during the afternoon, in contrast to a predawn application, may increase growth by reducing heat load and minimizing water stress in the later part of the day. Data suggest that both irrigation volume and time of application should be considered when developing a water management plan for container-grown plants. Amending soilless substrates to increase water buffering and reduce irrigation volume has often been discussed. Recent evidence suggests that amending pine bark substrates with clay may reduce irrigation volume required for plant production. Continued research focus on production efficiency needs to be maintained in the 21st century.

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Landscaping™ Program (FFL) provides general fertilizer recommendations for ornamental landscape plants ranging from 0 to 6 lb/1000 ft 2 of N ( FFL, 2009 ). Shurberg et al. (2012a , b ) evaluated the growth and quality of a limited number of annual and

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biodiversity, creating wildlife habitat, and personal interest ( Hooper, 2003 ). A survey of the Colorado green industry revealed that landscape restoration and its related professions constitute the largest market for native plants, with wholesale ornamental

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Red firespike is a vigorous ornamental shrub growing to ≈6 ft in height. It has an upright growth habit and is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant in the garden due to its attractive tubular red flowers ( Daniel, 1995 ). The plant has

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Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is an under-exploited small tree with commercial potential as a fruit crop, ornamental tree, and source of secondary products with insecticidal and medicinal properties. It is most often propagated from seeds that are recalcitrant and must be stored moist at a chilling temperature. Seeds display combinational (morphophysiological) dormancy. Endogenous, physiological dormancy is broken by about 100 days of chilling stratification followed by a period of warm moist conditions where the small embryo develops prior to seedling emergence about 45 days after the warm period begins. Pawpaw cultivars with superior fruit characteristics are propagated by grafting onto seedling understocks. The most common practice is chip budding. Other methods of clonal propagation have proven problematic. Pawpaw can be propagated from cuttings, but only in very young seedling stock plants. Micropropagation from mature sources is not yet possible, but shoot proliferation has been accomplished from seedling explants and explants rejuvenated by induction of shoots from root cuttings of mature plants. However, rooting of microcuttings and subsequent acclimatization has not been successful.

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