with emitters every 30 cm and a flow rate of 0.95 L⋅min −1 ⋅30 m −1 ) were installed (Jain Irrigation Inc., Haines City, FL); then, beds were covered with virtually impermeable plastic mulch (Berry Plastics Corp., Evansville, IN). Tomato with bell
)] placed in the row immediately before laying plastic mulch. Beds were 6 inches tall by 32 inches wide and covered with a 1.1-mil-thick impermeable film plastic mulch (Vaporsafe RM, TIF, 60 inches; Raven Industries, Sioux Falls, SD). An herbicide mixture
essentially impermeable to 55 Fe from FeCl 3 ( Fig. 2 ) and we did not detect any effect of FeCl 3 on water transport in astomatous systems ( Weichert and Knoche, 2006b ). Third, 55 Fe penetration across the exocarp into the receiver at pH 2.0 ( Fig. 2
following heavy rainfall events, reduced soil compaction, and increased carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels in the lettuce canopy because the impermeable plastic film causes all CO 2 released from the soil to be vented through the planting holes, directly into
with a black on white 1.1-mil-thick total impermeable film plastic mulch [60-inches (Vaporsafe RM; Raven Industries, Sioux Falls, SD, USA)]. The plastic was laid with the black side facing outward. During plastic laying, a single line of drip tubing [12
center-to-center with white-on-black totally impermeable film (TIF) plastic mulch (Vaporsafe RM, 60-inch; Raven Industries, Sioux Falls, SD). A single row of plants was spaced 12 inches apart within rows on each bed for a population of 7260 plants/acre or
addition, the labor costs associated with ASD treatments increase notably because of additional labor requirements for the application of carbon sources and impermeable films ( Shi et al., 2019 ; Shrestha et al., 2016 ; Testen and Miller, 2017
reactions ( Steffens et al., 1994 ); 3) reduce protein palatability and digestibility by oxidizing nucleophilic amino acids ( Felton et al., 1992 ); and 4) form an impermeable melanin barrier, preventing the spread of pathogen infection ( VanGelder et al
harvest is not good for color development in fruit skin. Previous studies have indicated that bagging with a light-impermeable bag significantly lowers anthocyanin concentrations in apple ( Malus domestica ) peels ( Feng et al., 2014 ). The visual
preplant soil fumigant such as 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin to manage plant-parasitic nematodes, soil-borne diseases, and weeds. Virtually impermeable and totally impermeable films are used to limit the size of buffer zones and to increase soil