waters. Research has shown that P leaching in soilless substrates is highly influenced by water solubility of the P source applied during container production ( Yeager and Wright, 1982 ). Therefore, utilization of more controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs
and Cashion (1993) reported NO 3 – -N concentrations from controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) in runoff periodically exceeded the 10 mg·L −1 federal drinking water standard as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1982. Concerns
The substrate would consist of 85% aged pine bark, 15% perlite, and 5% peat by volume, amended with 2.3 kg of dolomitic limestone and 3 kg of 12-month-release, polymer-coated controlled-release fertilizer (CRF; 15N–3.5P–10.0K) with micronutrients per
consisted of 3 kg·m −3 of 15N–3.5P–10K controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) incorporated during substrate preparation and weekly fertigation using 10N–0.87P–5.0K soluble fertilizer at 200 mg·L −1 N. For the outdoor production phase, 8.3 kg·m −3 of 15N–3.5P
method ( Fonteno and Harden, 2014 ) at the University of Guelph (Guelph, ON). Three fertilization methods were tested: 1) C, 2) OG fertilizer, and 3) OL fertilizer. For C, a controlled-release fertilizer [(CRF) Osmocote Plus 15N–3.9P–9.9K, 5- to 6-month
to 0.05 h/ft 2 per year ( Table 4 ). Although fertilizing did not factor highly in the maintenance costs or time, of the five sites that reported using fertilizer, two kinds were reported: controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) and water
. Plants grown during the 2006 experiment were fertilized on 5 June 2006 with 26 g per container of a 17.0N–3.5P–6.6K controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) with micronutrients with a release period of 4 months at 27 °C (HFI Topdress Special; Harrell's Inc
., 2004 ). Moreover, inadequate nutrient supply in nursery systems may result in some nutritional disorders such as visual discoloration, cessation, and/or decreased growth ( Duryea, 1984 ). Incorporation of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) into media
32 g of 15N–3.9P–10K controlled-release fertilizer [CRF (Osmocote Plus 5- to 6-month formulation; Everris NA, Dublin, OH, USA)]. Plants were grown in a greenhouse with set points of 21/17 °C day/night temperature threshold. The experimental unit (EU
52 weeks in a greenhouse maintained at venting/heating temperatures of 29.4/23.3 °C. Because controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) longevity is often based on temperature, a detailed record of environmental conditions during the course of the 52-week