under plastic mulch. Nutrient release from EEFs. There are several modes by which nutrients are released from EEFs ( Table 3 ). Coated fertilizers contain water-soluble N (alone or in combination with other nutrients) surrounded by an impermeable or
feather-based containers required 2.5 times more water than those grown in plastic containers. The greater irrigation requirement was due to evaporation through sidewalls of peat and feather containers compared with impermeable plastic. The greater drying
that are totally or virtually impermeable can be used and retained in a planting to function as a mulch after fumigation is complete. Tarps must be approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by active ingredient, and currently no
drip irrigation tape (12-inch emitter spacing, 0.50 gal/min per 100 ft at 15 psi; Jain Irrigation, Haines City, FL) was laid and beds were covered with a 1.25-mil-thick totally impermeable film plastic mulch (Raven Industries, Sioux Falls, SD). Holes
to growers, information provided by the manufacturer (Imaflex, Inc., Thomasville, NC) suggests that for equal thickness and impermeability of fumigant gases, metalized-striped mulch costs only 2.7% more than entirely black plastic mulch. Overall, our
addition, irrigation of semiarid farmlands in seleniferous regions is a common source of Se contamination, particularly in the presence of an impermeable subsurface layer, where leached Se can accumulate to toxic levels. This phenomenon has been well
virtually impermeable film (0.038 mm; Berry Plastic, Evansville, IN). A CRF mix (Florikan ® , Sarasota, FL) composed of coated, homogenized NH 4 NO 3 and urea (28N–0P–0K, 100- and 140-d release) and coated KNO 3 (12N–0P–40K, 180-d release) (1.4:1:1.2, by
an impermeable base sheet or layer usually made of polyethylene or polypropylene, a drip line along that base, and a layer of geotextile fabric over top of the drip line. The geotextile material facilitates mass flow and disperses irrigation water and
. These trials represent earlier work with the Midas 50:50 formulation. More recent work at Fletcher, NC, has used a reduced rate of Midas (150 lb/acre broadcast) combined with virtually impermeable film (VIF) (F.J. Louws and R.M. Welker, unpublished data
provide a transient water-impermeable coating on plant surfaces and increase resistance to water vapor loss ( Sutherland and Waters, 2002 ). Historically, film-forming polymers have been used as antitranspirants to reduce water loss of bare-root woody