or inorganic nutrient sources, etc. ( Rynk, 1992 ; Stoffella et al., 2014 ). The NOP specified that compost must meet two criteria: 1) the initial carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio of the blended feedstocks should be between 25:1 and 40:1; and 2) the
four substrates. Substrate 2 also started Expt. 1 with the lowest carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (13:1), which may have allowed for better nitrogen uptake because ratios above 24:1 can lead to nitrogen immobilization and nutritional deficits ( Ingram, et al
solution at 3% (v/v) of the total volume. All liquid fertilizers were dissolved into water before adding organic amendment and brought to final volume before spraying. The foliar application was delivered with a carbon dioxide (CO 2 )-pressurized sprayer at
release, from 70- to 270-d release patterns ( Hummel, 1989 ). Nitrogen release is dependent on coating characteristics and soil temperature ( Christianson, 1988 ). A slight twist on RCU is the combination of a sulfur-coat and a resin layer, typically
attributed to differences in mineral nutrition. In fact, reduced nitrogen applications are typically associated with an increase of phenolic compounds (Waterman and Mole, 1994, cited by Parr and Bolwell, 2000 ). In particular, the carbon–nutrient balance
carbon availability of plants, and the extent to which stimulated photosynthesis can be translated into stimulated growth depends on the capability of a plant to use increased carbon under eCO 2 ( Kirschbaum, 2011 ). Usually, plants with a large sink
), nitrogen content (N), nitrate (NO 3 – ) concentration in fresh roots with diameter (Ø) 40 to 60 mm, ratio for soil mineral N (N min ) 0 to 90 cm (at harvest) to marketable red beet yield (Ø 30 to 75 mm). z Fig. 1. Red beet yield response to nitrogen (N
. Georgia, Athens Evans, J.R. Poorter, H. 2001 Photosynthetic acclimation of plants to growth irradiance: The relative importance of specific leaf area and nitrogen partitioning in maximizing carbon gain Plant Cell Environ. 24 755 767 10.1046/j.1365
) and calculated using the formula of Moran (1982) . The ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (F v /F m ) and electron transport rate (ETR) were measured and calculated with a Maxi-Imaging-PAM chlorophyll fluorescence measuring system
decomposition along a climatic gradient Microb. Ecol. 64 399 415 Sparling, G.P. 1992 Ratio of microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon as a sensitive indicator of changes in soil organic matter Soil Res. 30 195 207 Suo, Z.L. Li, W.Y. Yao, J. Zhang, H