A commercial mixture of 1-naphthaleneacetamide and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (Amcotone) was applied to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) at various timings from early bloom through early fruit development to evaluate effects on fruit size and both early and total marketable yield. Amcotone was applied at rates from 10 to 40 mg·L-1, at three sites for each of the species studied. Measured yield response variables in tomato did not differ between the control and Amcotone treatments, regardless of location. Amcotone treatments did not affect yields or fruit size for pepper at the New Jersey or Texas sites. However, at Ft. Pierce, Fla., early marketable yield of pepper was increased in plots receiving three Amcotone applications at 10 mg·L-1, but total marketable yield was significantly reduced in all plots receiving more than two Amcotone sprays, and mean fruit weight was reduced by all Amcotone treatments. Early and total marketable yield of pepper at Ft. Pierce were markedly reduced in plots receiving four applications of 40 mg·L-1, which was a high rate used to assess potential phytotoxicity. While minimal benefit from auxin application was observed in this study, earlier studies suggest that these results may have been influenced by favorable environmental conditions for fruit development or negative effects on unopened flowers during all Amcotone spray applications.
. sanguinea culture on modified MS medium. The optimum hormonal concentrations were 0.19 or 1.9 m m NAA plus 4.4 m m BA for leaves and 0.19 m m NAA plus 0.44 m m or 4.4 m m BA for petioles. The percentage of regenerated shoots was 50% and 80% for leaf
Analysis of apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) and citrus thinning experiments indicates that the relationships between cropload, fruit size, and total yield can be used to assess optimal cropload for highest crop value. Mean fruit size increased and total yield declined as the cropload (number of fruit/cm2 trunk cross-sectional area) was reduced through the use of chemical thinners. Because crop value is influenced by fruit size and total yield, intermediate croploads gave the highest economic returns in all experiments evaluated. For `Empire' apple, croploads greater than those expected to provide good return bloom often produced the highest crop value for a single year. In citrus, optimal crop values resulted from a broad range of intermediate croploads. A method is described to analyze optimum cropload from thinning experiments.
Blossom thinning of `Early Spur Rome' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and `Redhaven' peach (Prunus persica L.) with hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex, 50% a.i.), endothalic acid [(Endothal, 0.4 lb a.i./gal (47.93 g a.i./L)], and pelargonic acid (Thinex, 60% a.i.) was studied in 1995 and 1996. Full-bloom applications of hydrogen cyanamide at 2 pt formulation/100 gal (1288 mg a.i./L) and 2.5 pt formulation/100 gal (1610 mg a.i./L) or endothalic acid at 1 pt formulation/100 gal (59.9 mg a.i./L), once at 70% bloom and again at full bloom, reduced apple fruit set. Pelargonic acid was only effective in thinning apple blossoms when applied twice—at 40% bloom and again at full bloom—at 1.5 pt formulation/100 gal (1.12 mL a.i./L) per application. Pelargonic acid marked apples in 1995 but not 1996. Neither hydrogen cyanamide nor endothalic acid marked apples. A single full-bloom application of hydrogen cyanamide, endothalic acid, or pelargonic acid effectively thinned peach blossoms in 1995; however, in 1996, only hydrogen cyanamide at 2.5 pt formulation/100 gal effectively thinned peach blossoms. Peaches did not show fruit marks with any of the peach blossom thinners.
increased fruit size and fruit setting in tomato resulting from the application of PGRs such as 4-CPA and β-naphthoxyacetic acid (β-NAA). Tomato fruit setting was promoted by GA 3 at low concentration ( Sasaki et al., 2005 ). Alam and Khan (2002) reported
containing BA or kinetin (KN) with 2,4-D, indole-3-acetic acid, NAA, or indole-3- butyric acid. Direct organogenesis methods were also developed from shoot crown explants ( Lattoo et al., 2006 ) and from immature inflorescences of C. arundinaceum
states. Hormonal (plant bioregulators, PBRs) blossom thinner efficacy is not dictated by flower fertilization, allowing application over a longer time during the bloom period. Synthetic auxins—1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and naphthaleneacetamide (NAD
augmented with different combinations of plant growth regulators (leaf: 1.0 mg·L −1 NAA and 2.0 mg·L −1 TDZ; petioles: 0.5 mg·L −1 NAA and 2.0 mg·L −1 TDZ). The explants were incubated in the dark at 24 ± 2 °C for 3 d and then transferred to a 16/8-h
m 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). However, results were not satisfactory. Therefore, our objective was to develop a regeneration system from leaf explants of L. formosana via organogenesis induced by TDZ, which could be applicable for
, especially α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) added to the rooting medium. Tissue-cultured plantlets use the sugar in the medium as a carbon source, high light intensity is usually not necessary, and small airtight culture vessels must be used to avoid