hurricanes. For example, in 2004, Tropical Storm Jeanne hit Puerto Rico with sustained winds of 65 mph. One experimental lychee orchard and a longan orchard were completely lost because of severe lodging of air-layered trees lacking a taproot for anchorage
inadvertently weeded by employees in one instance and trees were laid down to prevent wind damage from Hurricane Irma in early September, resulting in mulch being removed from pots. Thus, weed control data collection was not analyzed from this location. In
( Table 2 ). For example, the Oxford site received only 250 mm of seasonal rainfall in 2011, and the Tidewater site was inundated by water in 2011 following Hurricane Irene. The Reidsville site was defoliated by deer grazing in late Sept. 2010 after a
Irey, M. Gottwald, T.R. Graham, J.H. Riley, T.D. Carlton, G. 2006 Post-hurricane analysis of citrus canker spread and progress towards the development of a predictive model to estimate disease spread due to catastrophic weather events Plant
-inoculated experiment (data not shown). Trees on almost all rootstocks showed additional mortality during the summer and fall of 2016, which may have been associated with a hurricane-associated shutdown (5 through 9 Oct.) that partially disrupted greenhouse care
rainy season from August to November (concurrent with the Atlantic hurricane season); and finally an extended dry season that runs from December/January into May (Gonzales et al., 2007; USDA, 1998 ). Highest temperatures occur in August–October, and the
International Airport ( Gottwald et al., 2002 ) and despite all the efforts to eradicate the disease, it became widespread in Florida mainly because of the 2004–05 hurricanes ( Stover et al., 2014 ). In 2005, another destructive bacterial disease called
. The summer of 2020 saw multiple hurricanes projected to impact southern Louisiana. In preparation for these storms, plants were briefly (<5 d) moved from the simulated nursery to a protected area and moved back after threat of the hurricanes had passed
)] increased an estimated 13.8% from 1998–2004 due initially to regulation of wastewater treatment plant discharges. Land-based N discharges from Lake Okeechobee and the Caloosahatchee River following the hurricanes of 2004 and 2005 were implicated in algal
for sand- and clay-amended substrate, respectively. Thus, reducing the LF by 50% reduced effluent DRP greater than 50%. Tyler et al. (1996) reported similar results. Rain events associated with tropical storms and hurricanes resulted in an average