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functionality of the thylakoid membrane ( Berry and Björkman, 1980 ; Pastenes and Horton, 1996 ). The excessive energy with high PAR under low sink demand also could lead to the damage of PSII reaction-centers and decrease electron transport efficiency and

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photosynthetic electron transport and it functions as a cofactor for superoxide dismutases; Fe deficiency results in decreased concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and other components of the thylakoid membrane ( Morales et al., 1991 , 1994 ). Thus, Fe

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membranes leads to the reduction of electron transport reactions, altered source sink relations, and reductions in pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids ( Benton and Cobb, 1997 ; Saladin et al., 2003 ; Vinit-Dunand et al., 2002

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the electron transport of PSII and to explore the mechanism of enhancing the photochemical activity of P. heterophylla by foliar microfertilizer application. The increase in K point relative variable fluorescence on the OJIP curve is a specific

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italicum ( La Rocca et al., 2011 ), and Begonia spp. ( Sheue et al., 2012 ) to compare the PSII activity between variegated and WT plants. The effective PSII quantum yield, Y(II), is a parameter used to determine the quantum efficiency of PSII electron

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assimilation, photosynthetic electron transport and water–water cycle in chill-exposed cucumber leaves under low light and subsequent recovery Plant Cell Environ. 27 1503 1514 Zucker, M. 1965 Induction of phenylalanine deaminase

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fluorescence with a modulated fluorometer (PAM 2100, Effeltrich, Germany). Leaves were irradiated by a saturated impulse (0.8 s) after a 30-min darkness adjustment during which the electron transport was considered to be ceased sufficiently in thylakoid

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optimal environmental conditions, light reaction and electron transport in photosynthesis lead to a minimal production of AOS. Consequently, some photooxidative damage occurs to chloroplasts, carotenoids, and proteins ( Hetherington et al., 1989 ). At

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. The ratio of variable fluorescence (Fv) to maximum fluorescence (Fm), given as Fv/Fm, was measured to estimate percent photochemical efficiency of intact leaves. This measurement provides information on inhibition of electron transport from Photosystem

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. Plesnicar, M. 1999 Acclimation to long-term water deficit in the leaves of two sunflower hybrids: Photosynthesis, electron transport and carbon metabolism J. Expt. Bot. 50 127 138 Patonnier, M.P. Peltire, J

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