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-cropped for several years before the study. Field preparation included disc harrowing and ring rolling (i.e., cultipacking) as needed to incorporate previous cover crop residue and break up large clods. A global positioning system-guided tractor with lister

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). Mulching with straw or cover crop residues increases soil moisture and reduces weed growth, but it is usually less effective than black plastic mulch film for weed management ( Anzalone et al., 2010 ). The volume of organic mulch required for effective weed

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be converted to biochar, but the most preferable forms in terms of logistics and costs include forest thinnings, crop residues (e.g., corn stover, straw, grain husks), yard waste, clean urban wood waste (e.g., roadside clearing, pallets, sorted

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production of Honeycrisp apples in Ontario Agdex 211/32. Queen's Printer of Ontario Toronto, ON, Canada Doel, D.S. Honeycutt, C.W. Halteman, W.A. 1990 Soil water effects on the use of heat units to predict crop residue carbon and nitrogen mineralization Biol

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, conservation tillage systems have been promoted to obtain the benefits of conventional no-till or strip-tilled systems, including reducing soil erosion, conserving soil moisture, and increasing soil fertility through cover crop residues ( Hoyt et al., 1994

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+ 32 = °F, 1 mm = 0.0394 inch. Two methods were used to prepare fields before planting, conventional tillage and no-till. In the no-till treatments, cover crop residue was left on the surface. Treatments included conventional tillage (Conv), no

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crop residues and their uses in greenhouse soilless cropping Acta Hort. 549 147 152 van der Gaag, D.J. van Noort, F.R. Stapel-Cuijpers, L.H.M. de Kreij, C. Termorshuizen, A.J. van Rijn, E. Zmora-Nahum, S. Chen, Y. 2007 The use of green waste compost in

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Geoderma 113 357 380 Chantigny, M.H. Angers, D.A. Rochette, P. 2002 Fate of carbon and nitrogen from animal manure and crop residues in wet and cold soils Soil Biol. Biochem. 34 509 517 CoStat

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) and Italian ryegrass [ Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] weeds increased with the use of sawdust as mulch. Broadleaf weeds were more susceptible to mulching than grassy weeds. Mukhopadhyay (2006) reported that the crop residue

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series book 4. Sust. Agr. Network Beltsville, MD Maiorana, M. Castrignano, A. Fornaro, F. 2001 Crop residue management effects on soil mechanical impedance J. Agr. Eng. Res. 79 231 237

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