problems. The first that limited expansion of the planted area was a severe chlorosis that was observed in ≈1900 ( Auchter, 1951 ). The chlorosis occurred on large areas of so-called black soils that were high in manganese. The problem was not encountered
deficient. Phosphorus toxicity symptoms include reduced stem elongation and foliar necrosis and chlorosis ( Marschner, 1995 ). In our experiment, stem length decreased at P concentrations in Hoagland solutions above 60 mg·L −1 . The most severe symptoms of P
, or leaves. Steinberg et al. (1990) reported that βP did not significantly reduce growth or bud and fruit initiation in peach tree. Therefore, application of βP should be recommended before flower opening. On the other hand, s-ABA caused chlorosis on
dry weight of CHA, GRE, GUA, LEU, and SPL declined 77%, 64%, 69%, 69%, and 60% from 30 to 40 °C (35 °C for SPL), respectively. In SPL, no plants survived DTs of 40 °C. All five New World taxa exhibited stunted, contorted growth with foliar chlorosis
. Symbol omission for the conventional fertilization method at 16.0 g/pot N on 19 July 2016 is a result of the lack of plant survival. Visual observations of leaf color for the C fertilizer method detected interveinal chlorosis for more plants at 16.0 g
et al., 2006 ; Nagy and Horvath, 2011 ). The initial disease symptom is usually interveinal chlorosis observed on the adaxial leaf surface, which can be ambiguous and easily mistaken for nutrient deficiency allowing the pathogen to persist under the
differences at the 5% and 1% levels ( Fisher, 1951 ). Results Chilling injury symptoms. CI was observed in leaves, stems, and roots. Leaf injury was the most notable symptom, including chlorosis, necrosis, water-soaked patches, and wilting
Seedlings from 15 open-pollinated families of Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. native to the Gulf Coast, central and south Texas, and Mexico, were evaluated for growth and foliar chlorosis development on field sites in Texas with acidic to alkaline soils. Forty seedlings per family were rated for level of chlorosis, height, and trunk diameter after two growing seasons in the field. Families grown on acidic soils did not differ in chlorosis ratings. Families from Mexico and south Texas had the lowest levels of chlorosis in the field, followed by those from central Texas, and then those from the Gulf Coast. Additionally, eight of the families were subjected to a greenhouse screening experiment with four levels of KHCO3 (0, 4, 8, 12 mM). These were evaluated for height, trunk diameter, shoot and root dry mass, and level of chlorosis and leaf necrosis. Family differences were less apparent during greenhouse screening experiments than in the field. Mexican families were significantly less chlorotic than other families at higher levels of alkalinity in the greenhouse. There was also a trend for height and shoot dry masses of western populations to be less adversely affect by higher alkalinity levels than more eastern populations.
inherent tissue culture-induced problems, such as leaf chlorosis and growth retardation, and to increase production ( Monteiro et al., 2000 ). Cytokinins are a class of plant growth regulators widely used in Passiflora tissue culture. Benzyladenine (BA
rosette appearance), severely reduced leaf area, wavy leaf margins, interveinal leaf chlorosis and necrosis, and shoot terminal dieback ( Alben et al., 1932a ; Heerema, 2013 ). Along with reduced leaflet area, Ojeda-Barrios et al. (2012) showed that in