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in the 2009 experiment. Although the industrial hammer mill was fitted with a larger screen size, the higher velocity and greater capacity resulted in a material with physical properties comparable to material processed with a smaller hammer mill and

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result of the acidifying nature of peat. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of storage time on PTS chemical and physical properties and on plant growth. Specifically, the effect of storage on PTS pH, EC, CEC, C:N, particle size

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, because nutrient cycling is largely driven by microbial functioning. These fractions are considered more responsive to changes in C inputs compared with measurements using total SOM. Table 1. Soil biological, chemical, and physical properties to be

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unscreened pine bark was also retained. Physical properties The substrate static physical properties, including air space (AS), container capacity (CC), total porosity, and bulk density, were measured via the North Carolina State University porometer

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Organic matter accumulation near the soil surface of putting greens is of concern to turf managers because of its effects on soil physical properties that can influence turf performance. Soil OM is composed primarily of dead and sloughed plant

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substrate physical properties (substrate based), as described earlier. The current study was an experiment established to validate the models in an outdoor production environment using more commonly used overhead irrigation system rather than the

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hindering its release to plants and influencing the plant growth ( Atkinson et al. 2010 ; Zulfiqar et al. 2021 ). The selection of appropriate feedstock is important because the physical and chemical properties of the biochar depend on the type of

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same substrate with differing physical properties, are layered within a container to accomplish a production goal, such as decreasing water use or nutrient leaching, or potentially reducing weed growth ( Criscione et al., 2022 ; Fields et al., 2021

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Irrigation methods, rates, timing, and frequency may influence the physical and chemical properties of the growing media thereby affecting root initiation, elongation, branching, development and dry matter partitioning between roots and shoots.

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statistically significant ( P ≥ 0.05). The Ch+Ca treatment had the lowest values, whereas SA followed by Ch treatments showed the highest values ( Table 2 ). The improvements in physical properties of SA- and Ch-treated fruits may be attributed to the role of

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