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In tomato, Lycopersi conesculentum Mill., currently there are >285 known morphological, physiological and disease resistance markers, 36 isozymes, and >1000 RFLPs, which have been mapped onto the 12 tomato chromosomes. In addition, currently there are >162,000 ESTs, of which ∼3.2% have been mapped. Several tomato genetic maps have been developed, mainly based on interspecific crosses between the cultivated tomato and its related wild species. The markers and maps have been used to locate and tag genes or QTLs for disease resistance and other horticultural characteristics. Such information can be used for various purposes, including marker-assisted selection (MAS) and map-based cloning of desirable genes or QTLs. Many seed companies have adopted using MAS for manipulating genes for a few simple morphological characteristics and several vertical disease resistance traits in tomato. However, MAS is not yet a routine procedure in seed companies for manipulating QTLs although it has been tried for a few complex disease resistance and fruit quality characteristics. In comparison, the use of MAS is less common in public tomato breeding programs, although attempts have been made to transfer QTLs for resistances to a few complex diseases. The potential benefits of marker deployment to plant breeding are undisputed, in particular for pyramiding disease resistance genes. It is expected that in the near future MAS will be routine in many breeding programs, taking advantage of high-resolution markers such as SNPs. For quantitative traits, QTLs must be sought for components of genetic variation before they are applicable to marker-assisted breeding. However, MAS will not be a “silver bullet” solution to every breeding problem or for every crop species.
of interspecific hybrid swarms ( Camp, 1942 ; Vander Kloet 1983 , 1988 ). Studies of self-pollination and cross-pollination in several Vaccinium species have provided varying results. In most cases, partial to complete self-incompatibility was
et al. (2001) . Other interspecific crosses between H . macrophylla and H . arborescens or H . macrophylla and H. quercifolia failed because of postzygotic barriers. The putative hybrid seedlings died at the cotyledonary stage or the first
Abstract
Heterosis for embryo length was observed in interspecific crosses between the peach clones ‘Flordaking’ and FL 82–27, and ‘Nonpareil’ almond. No consistent differences in embryo length were observed in peach when selfing was compared to outcrossing to the unrelated peach selection FL 9-26C.
euploid secondary nucleus mean that they are usually functional. Endosperm balance number (EBN), proposed by Johnston et al. (1980) based on potato hybridization, has been used to explain the success or failure of interspecific and interploidy crosses of
scions. Arota is a new Iranian interspecific hybrid ( Pistacia integerrima ♂ × Pistacia atlantica ♀ ) pistachio rootstock selected from the progeny of 222 controlled crosses made in 2013 and 2014. Of these crosses, the most vigorous seedlings were
southwestern British Colombia, all species in the section are native to eastern North America ( Vander Kloet, 1988 ). The species in section Cyanococcus are closely related. Homoploid interspecific crosses are easy to make, and thousands of vigorous, fertile
interspecific and intergeneric crosses, which leads to a high degree of heterozygosity in the resulting hybrids, with polyploidy and aneuploidy often occurring. In seed-propagated ornamentals with a considerable seed market, cultivars will normally be bred as
genic balance to endosperm development in interspecific crosses Theor. Appl. Genet. 57 5 9 Lattier, J.D. Contreras, R.N. 2017 Ploidy and genome size in lilac species, cultivars, and interploid hybrids J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 142 355 366 Lattier, J
, stems, aculei from ovaries with an inferior opaque part and a superior hyaline part, and fruits. The morphology was evaluated on greenhouse growing plants. The good cross compatibility of these two interspecific crosses, along with the higher