significant plant pathogens [e.g., Moko disease, Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith)] and shields the local markets. Ironically, fruit shortages after hurricane Maria in 2017 left no other option but to allow fresh fruit imports from Colombia, Costa Rica, and the
per acre of removing and replacing plastic mulch damaged by Hurricane Michael in Georgia. Univ. Georgia Ext. 1 Dec. 2020. < https://site.extension.uga.edu/aaecext/2019/09/estimated-cost-per-acre-of-removing-and-replacing-plastic-mulch-damaged-by-hurricane
Florida where tropical storms and hurricanes are an annual threat ( Castle, 1977 ; Crane et al., 1993 ). Fibrous roots are responsible for the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil. It was suggested that HLB significantly affects the citrus root
, hurricanes, pest pressures, and diseases such as citrus canker and citrus greening [huanglongbing (HLB)] ( Rossi et al. 2021 ; Singerman and Rogers 2020 ; Vashisth and Kadyampakeni 2020). As a result, during the past 20 years, citrus production in Florida
.D. Carlton, G. 2006 Post-hurricane analysis of citrus canker spread and progress towards the development of a predictive model to estimate disease spread due to catastrophic weather events Plant Health Prog. August 1 12 Khalaf, A. Moore, G.A. Jones, J
-ORC showed a taproot-like structure, whereas others were missing it ( Fig. 1A and B ). A taproot is a desired phenotypic trait in trees grown in regions that are prone to be impacted by tropical storms and hurricanes because it helps to prevent tree lodging
, caladium seed tubers were planted ≈6 weeks later than they were in the 2015 season, and plants had a shorter (≈6 weeks) growing season. Hurricane “Irma”, which occurred in mid-Sept. 2017, caused considerable damage to plants and leaves. Tuber weight in the
used 2-year-old seed because there was no seed available from the previous year due to coastal destruction from Hurricane Isaac in Aug. 2012. Fresher seed has been observed to exhibit a degree of dormancy for a few months after harvest. Because seed
is advocated for the restorative maintenance of dune ecology after hurricanes ( Williams, 2010 ). Recent research has shown positive results of sargassum used as a feedstock in large-scale composting to produce organic soil amendments, such as compost
. Yields have been steadily decreasing for both types of oranges since the 2012–13 season. However, although yields improved significantly during the post-Hurricane Irma season of 2018–19, their trends have been negative since then, especially for ‘Valencia