The desirability of selected primary plant nutrient carriers (N-P2O5-K2O) for drip/trickle fertilizing bell peppers (Capsicum annuun L.) on a coastal plain sandy loam soil was investigated in 1990 and 1992. Soluble dry and liquid fertilizer carriers selected in both years were urea ammonium nitrate (30-0-0), ammonium sulfate (21-0-0), potassium nitrate (14-0-46), phosphoric acid (0-54-0), ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0), and muriate of potash (0-0-62). These materials in combinations were compared to a more expensive commercially prepared dry fertilizer (20-20-20) which was formulated from urea, mono and diammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate. Although the commercial fertilizer (20-20-20) produced significantly more early and midseason yields of No. 1 plus No. 2 peppers than one-third of the less expensive formulated grades, all treatments produced the same late and total yields of pepper in 1990. In 1992, the ammonium sulfate, ammonium polyphosphate and muriate of potash treatment produced significantly more total No. 1 plus No. 2 peppers than did the phosphoric acid and muriate of potash with either urea ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate; however, no treatment differences were noted in total yields of quality No. 1 peppers.
formation of volatile compounds during alcoholic fermentation ( Barbosa et al., 2009 , 2012 ). Nitrogen fertilization is a regular viticultural practice proved to be affecting vine yield ( Bell and Henschke, 2005 ; Smart and Robinson, 1991 ; Spayd et al
flowering and new leaf growth and 2) to determine how fertilization affects the growth, flowering, and development of K and Mg deficiencies in Hong Kong orchid trees growing in south Florida. Materials and Methods Hong Kong orchid trees growing in 10-L
utilization in the photosynthetic process by the foliage ( Alam, 1999 ). Nitrogen (N) fertilization and uptake is critical for shoot and root growth. Most N taken up by crops is retained in plant tissues, where it becomes part of the plant structure and is
fertilization ( Bertoni et al., 1992 ; Buwalda, 1986 ) and water inputs ( Villalobos et al., 2004 ). For example, Buwalda and Freeman (1987) reported that the N fertilization rate of 120 kg·ha −1 yielded highest harvestable bulb yield under a field condition
( Rouphael et al., 2008 ; Rouphael and Colla, 2009 ). In fact, many ornamental crops grown in greenhouses are fertilized with an excess of N, since farmers are wary of reductions in N application that could result in any yield and quality losses ( Glass
Service, 2007 , 2017 ). It is paramount to optimize the peach production system to maintain an economically and environmentally sustainable industry. Accurate and precise irrigation ( Perea et al., 2018 ) and fertilization management ( Zhang et al., 2015
The effects of varying Al, Mn, and Ca fertilization levels on `Tifblue' and `Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) plant growth, chlorosis symptoms, and leaf elemental content were studied in a sand culture experiment. Increased Al fertilization linearly decreased Ca, Mg, and Mn leaf concentrations and plant vigor. Calcium fertilization did not affect plant growth or leaf concentration of the two cultivars. Increased Mn fertilization increased Al and Mn leaf concentrations and resulted in more chlorosis symptoms. Plants fertilized with the highest rates of Al and Mn had the least amount of growth.
A field experiment was established in 1992 with `Empire' apple trees on either M.7 or M.9 rootstock. Preplant fertilization with NPKB plus lime compared to the lime only control did not increase tree growth during the first 4 years, but did increase cumulative yield (10%) and average fruit size (7%). The addition of annual applications of ground-applied NKB after planting increased total shoot growth 17%, as well as yield (26%) and fruit size (14%) compared to the lime only control. Trickle irrigation significantly increased trunk cross-sectional area (17%), shoot growth (16%), yield (18%), fruit size (5%), and yield efficiency (7%). The interaction of ground fertilization and trickle irrigation showed that trickle irrigation increased the benefits of ground applied fertilizers. Without trickle irrigation, ground-applied fertilizers increased shoot growth only 6% and yield 14% compared to the unfertilized controls, but, with the addition of trickle irrigation, the ground-applied fertilizers increased shoot growth 21% and yield 21% over the irrigated but unfertilized control. Ground fertilization increased yield efficiency and fruit size by the percentage by whether or not trickle irrigation was present. Fertigation gave similar results as the trickle plus ground fertilizer treatment on tree growth, yield, fruit size, and yield efficiency. Our results indicate that trickle irrigation in the eastern United States can improve tree growth, yield, and fruit size in the first few years after planting. The addition of ground-applied fertilizer or fertigation can improve tree performance even more. However, in the humid New York climate, there does not appear to be a significant benefit from injecting the fertilizer into the trickle water compared to applying the fertilizer on the ground.
fertilizer ( Al-Whaibi and Khaliel, 1994 ; Bovi et al., 2000 ). Most microbial inoculants are intended for commercial production of palms in containers, field nurseries, or landscapes that have nonsterile soils and are fertilized regularly. Yet, there is no