sward. Following the treatments, all clippings and debris were removed from the plots before seeding. Spring plantings were seeded on 12 Apr. 2012 and 16 Apr. 2013. Summer plantings were seeded on 19 July 2012 and 23 July 2013. Fall plantings were seeded
. The experiment was replicated three times. Each sample was homogenized in 1.0 mL of 80% (v/v) acetone using a pestle in an Eppendorf tube. After removing cellular debris by centrifugation, the supernatant containing chlorophyll was diluted 1:10 (v
collection, the seeds were manually cleaned of excess floral parts and other debris with a screen and stored in sealed plastic bags under ambient laboratory conditions (22.8 °C, 27.5% relative humidity) for 2 to 4 months before undergoing testing. Pre
dish containing 500 μL of nuclei extraction buffer. Then, 1600 μL of a nuclei-staining solution (CyStain PI Absolute P; Sysmex America, Lincolnshire, IL) was added to the crude mixture. To eliminate cell debris, the suspension was then passed through a
30 h. After fixing, flower buds were transferred to 70% ethanol and stored at 4 °C. Flower buds were washed in sterile distilled water and anthers removed. Anthers were squashed in 1% acetocarmine stain on glass slides, debris removed, coverslip
mowed to 3.8 cm with a rotary mower, debris was removed, and the seedbed received two additional passes with a vertical mower set to a depth of ≈1.3 cm. Perennial ryegrass (Manhattan IV perennial ryegrass; Pure Seed Testing, Inc., Hubbard, OR) and tall
media and plants rather than to irrigation water. It was noted that after ≈1 month from the start of Expt. 2, a significant water flow reduction was observed in the sand filter treatment over time, likely due to clogging of the sand filter by debris or
deposits overlap with peak tourist seasons. Tourists often expect pristine beaches free from any debris and view seaweed mats as poor beach maintenance ( Gaskill, 2015 ). In local economies that are highly dependent on tourism dollars, maintaining or
®; Partec, Münster, Germany) for 1 to 2 min at 25 °C. The preparation was then filtered using Partec CellTrics® disposable filters to remove debris. Nuclei were stained with 1.5 mL 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining buffer and incubated again at 25 °C
Brinkmann Polytron Homogenizer (Brinkmann Instruments, Inc., Westbury, NY) with a 20 mm O.D. blade. One milliliter of the liquid puree was centrifuged at 15,800 g n for 10 min to remove debris. Supernatants were diluted to make a 10% and a 20% solution in