with sodium vapor lights from 0600 to 2000 hr . A sample of each substrate was set aside at the time of potting to determine physical properties. Substrates were packed in Al cores (3 inches tall by 3 inches i.d.) according to methods described by
consequence of excessive energy intake and/or insufficient energy expenditure (i.e., energy imbalance), which is largely associated with modifiable behaviors like physical activity ( Janssen et al., 2005 ), screen time ( Sisson et al., 2011 ), and dietary
quantities of CF and/or BV on the physical, chemical, microbiological, and nutritional properties of CGW and on the growth parameters and nutrient contents of the ornamental plant peacock arrowroot. Materials and methods Selection and preparation of raw
substrates are routinely classified as aggregate materials by particle size ( Handreck, 1983 ). The physical properties of substrates (i.e., bulk density and porosity) are, mostly, consequences of the particle size distribution (PSD) of a material or blend of
using UFRF has mainly focused on the study of the physical properties of UFRF-amended soils and organic substrates ( Chan and Joyce, 2007 ; Mooney and Baker, 1999 ; Nektarios et al., 2003 , 2004 ; Nguyen et al., 2009 ). Mooney and Baker (1999
other medium extraction methods, PT is much faster to execute and does not require costly equipment. Also, PT does not require physical removal of medium from the container, which can disrupt the root system. It has been used widely on peat-based and
and annual species. The use of alternative growing media requires knowledge of their physical and chemical properties responsible for providing adequate support and a reservoir for air, water, and nutrients. The influence of the alternative substrates
. Components in volumetric percentage of Canadian peat- and Florida peat-based substrates substituted by cowpeat. z Determination of physical and chemical properties. The physical properties of the substrates, including bulk density, total porosity, air space
production of ornamental nursery crops in the southeastern United States recommend static physical properties with a large proportion of AS (10% to 30%) at container capacity [CC (45% to 65%)]. Instead of solely using recommended static measures (AS and CC
mechanical and physical properties to the cell walls of this stock type. Taken together, the micropropagated plants reached significantly higher values for 13 traits (32.5%), primarily associated with the relative proportion of Glc and the macromolecular