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present, more than 20 kinds of fungal diseases of peony have been reported, of which gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is an increasingly severe disease with a high frequency of occurrence ( Yang et al., 2017 ). The pathogen can cause necrotic leaves

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million ( Cappiello and Shadow, 2005 ). Two new fungal diseases that threatened the commercial production of dogwoods were reported in the last decade of the 20th century. During the early 1990s, dogwoods grown in Tennessee and other regions of the eastern

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least 4 years showed its tolerance to Polystigma and other fungal diseases, such as Taphrina and Coryneum . Fig. 2. ‘Vialfas’ tree in full production. Ripening time is early, ≈9 d later than ‘Guara’, the earliest ripening cultivar, thus allowing the

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) to control insect pests, and azoxystrobin (Heritage ® , Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC) to control fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew, at labeled rates on 27 July 2015. Downy mildew symptoms were first recorded in both trials on 14 Aug

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is distinguished by its enhanced tolerance to drought and improved resistance to fungal diseases, faster growth, more upright form, and redder fall colors than previous bigtooth maple selections. Origin Between 18 Aug. and 3 Nov. 2001, mature samaras

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by spray treatments in the spring only. Early selection for columnar growth habit and field tolerance to fungal diseases was applied after 18 months of growth. Non-columnar trees were discarded. Superior seedlings were budded on M.26 rootstock and

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disadvantages are the high susceptibility of the plants to main fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, leaf spot, and white pine blister rust as well as a spreading plant habit. During the evaluation, ‘Gofert’ was tested as the selected breeding number PC-1

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disappointing and, in discussion with plant pathologists, fungal diseases are suspected (J. Beckerman, personal communication). An often-cited reference for prairie grass seed germination is Schramm (1978) , who advised cold, damp conditioning or moistening the

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grown under greenhouse conditions are affected by a number of important fungal diseases, such as fusarium root and stem rot (FRSR). This disease was first reported in Greece and Holland, and now occurs in greenhouses in Canada, France, Israel, and the U

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( Osborne et al., 2008 ). Finally, the fungal disease powdery mildew (Erisyphales) needs to be considered ( Fig. 5 ). Like spider mite, powdery mildew does very well in dry environments ( Belanger et al., 2002 ). The pathogen requires a dry leaf surface, but

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