.T. Gilbertson, R.L. 2001 The role of crop debris and weeds in the epidemiology of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce in California Plant Dis. 85 169 178 Bull, C.T. Goldman, P.H. Hayes, R. Madden, L.V. Koike, S.T. Ryder, E. 2007 Genetic diversity of lettuce for
fungus can persist in soil and plant debris for decades with repeated infection each year. The close plant spacing and overhead irrigation used in most annual plantings create highly favorable environmental conditions for sporulation and infection by S
two layers of cheesecloth to remove any culture debris, and then spores were counted with a hemocytometer. To prepare inoculum, a mixture of conidia collected from plates of the 10 isolates was used to inoculate detached stems from B. sempervirens
completed in all plots in the spring of 1997, 1998, and 2001 to encourage new growth of perennial cover crops. Treatments were ended in Spring 2005 by prescribed burning surface plant debris to remove cover crop thatch for ease of tilling 15 cm into the soil
width was also measured. Shoots and roots were separated and dried for 96 h at 65 °C. Thatch was separated from green living tissue by hand selection of aboveground dead tissues and organic debris and dried for 96 h at 65 °C. Dried samples were weighed
sward. Following the treatments, all clippings and debris were removed from the plots before seeding. Spring plantings were seeded on 12 Apr. 2012 and 16 Apr. 2013. Summer plantings were seeded on 19 July 2012 and 23 July 2013. Fall plantings were seeded
GS04; Graden Company, Victoria, Australia). After all debris was removed, the area was seeded at 390 kg·ha −1 on a Garrison gravelly silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, hyperthermic, Typic, Torrifluvent). Plots were fertilized at
in Manhattan, KS ( Okeyo et al., 2011 ). Stolons were rinsed under tap water to remove soil debris, surface-sterilized with 0.5% NaOCl for 3 min, and finally rinsed in two changes of distilled water. Prepared stolons were subsequently propagated in
infected leaves containing white rust pustules were cut into small pieces and were dispersed in deionized water and filtered through medical gauze to remove any plant debris. The concentration of the pathogenic spore suspension was then adjusted using a
, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) with pH 5.9 and 2% organic matter in September of both years. Fields were scalped with a rotary mower, debris was removed, and soil was sliced in two directions at 1-cm depth. ‘Penn A-4’ creeping bentgrass, ‘Manhattan V