cultural practices for blueberries included the addition of peat to the planting holes, mulching with sawdust or wood chips at 10- to 15-cm depth, annual application of pre-emergent herbicides, irrigation as needed using drip irrigation, annual dormant
season and were established on raised beds mulched with apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) and sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.) wood chips. Planting rows were established in a north–south orientation with plants spaced 0.76 m apart within the row and 2
researchers are beginning to search for alternatives. New alternative growing media such as WholeTree (WT) and clean chip residual (CCR) have been shown to be suitable replacements for pine bark-based growing media ( Boyer et al., 2008 , 2009 ; Fain et al
fodder, and wood chips, into a soil-like product called “compost” ( Rynk, 1992 ). The humus-like end product becomes a valuable soil amendment because it increases levels of organic matter ( Laudicina et al., 2011 ), contains essential plant macro and
the first year during establishment. Hand weeding and wood chip mulch were used to control weeds; occasionally, a pre-emergent weed control was applied if high weed pressure was observed. Supplemental fertilizer and pesticides were not used. No winter
the surface to 15 cm deep. CGC was obtained from cotton gin trash produced by Milstead Farm Group, Inc., in Shorter, AL, and composted at E.V. Smith Research Center, also in Shorter. PB was fresh cut, chipped, and supplied by Pineywoods Mulch Company
spacing between them. Growers that elect to initiate their orchards with seedlings, either from direct seeding or young liners, should ideally plan on later top grafting young trees with select scion wood from named cultivars to create uniformity and early
managed with wood chip mulch, hand weeding, and herbicides (glyphosate, clethodim). Japanese beetle ( Popillia japonica ) and spotted wing drosophila ( Drosophila suzukii ) were allowed to develop to a damage threshold of approximately 10%; at that point
in this LCA that the tree would live for 50 years at which time it would be removed and chipped into mulch material. Fig. 1. Input products and process flow diagram and system boundaries for the life cycle of a field-grown, spade-dug, 5-cm
mortality by predatory nematodes occurred through the addition of wood chips into tree rows ( Lacey et al., 2006 ). Codling moth is the most widely reported apple pest in both conventional and organic orchards. Dapena et al. (2005) reported that neem