environments. However, when plants are lit from above, the structure that supports the light source takes up space. Recent work has shown that supplemental upward lighting using LEDs could retard outer leaf senescence and increase the photosynthetic rate of
distribution ( Castle and Krezdorn, 1975 ; Eissenstat, 1991 ; Morgan et al., 2006 , 2007 ). Research has shown that citrus rootstocks with the greater root weight or RLD resulted in greatest water extraction rates from the soil occupied by the roots ( Castle
. Properties of water-soluble phosphorus (P) fertilizers used in Florida commercial horticulture production. The efficiency of WSFs can be enhanced by using appropriate rates, sources, application timing, and placement. Specific techniques to improve WSF
fluorescence. By measuring the fluorescence emitted by chlorophyll a molecules before and during short exposure to a beam of light with sufficient intensity to saturate the PSII reaction centers completely (a “saturating pulse”), Φ PSII can be quantified
deterioration can be controlled by reducing the storage temperature and respiration rate, and by modifying the atmosphere surrounding the product ( Van Hoorn, 2004 ). Blueberries are climacteric fruit ( Ban et al., 2007 ; El-Agamy et al., 1982 ; Ismail and
irradiance were: transpiration rate ( E ) [mmol(H 2 O)·m −2 ·s −1 ], net photosynthetic flux (P n ) [μmol(CO 2 )·m −2 ·s −1 ], g S to water vapor [mmol(H 2 O)·m −2 ·s −1 ], and CO 2 substomatal concentration (C i ) [μmol(CO 2 )·mol −1 (air)]. The enclosed
NO 3 -N before discharge. This research project was designed to provide more detailed information on surface water drainage flow rates, volumes, and NO 3 -N losses at the production area scale. While NO 3 -N concentration data are available in the
. Calculation on water relations. Relative fresh water percent (water and vase weight/weight of water and vase day 1) * 100, water uptake rate (daily weight of water and vase/weight of water and vase on day 1), vase solution uptake rate [(previous day water
N 2 as the carrier gas at a flow rate of ≈100 mL·min −1 ( Beaudry and Gran, 1993 ). Spear sections are referred to as 1, 2, 3, 4, and, 5 where Section 1 was the tip and 4 to 5 were successive, increasingly basipetal spear sections, with Section 5
irradiance is often a key factor for maximal photosynthesis. In Phalaenopsis , low irradiance significantly slows the growth rate at all developmental stages and delays flower formation as well as reduces flower count ( Lee, 2000 ; Lin and Lee, 1998 ; Wang