: –1.6-fold) related to carbon fixation, the phosphoglycerate kinase precursor (spot 1696: –2.9-fold), and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (spot 1727: –1.5-fold) in the glycolytic pathway, two isoforms of glyoxisomal malate dehydrogenase (spots 1222 and
the method of Bradford (1976) . The total soluble sugar content was measured according to the method of Li (2000) , and the glucose and fructose contents were measured according to the method of Liu et al. (2004) . Statistical analysis. All data
used for quantification of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose in both raw and cooked sweetpotato samples ( Truong et al., 2014 ). Texture properties. Instrumental texture measurement was conducted for 20 sweetpotato samples from each treatment
mL) overnight at room temperature. The filtrate was used as NaOH-soluble pectin (NaOH-P). Determination of alcohol-soluble carbohydrate and pectin contents. Free fructose in 70% ethanol extracts was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method
energy reserves, whereas sucrose, fructose, and glucose are solutes for cell turgor maintenance and sucrose also may function in stabilizing proteins and membranes from stress damages ( Kaur et al., 2007 ; Livingston et al., 2009 ; Santarius, 1973
promising, no other studies using 2,4,5-T for rose regeneration have been published. Carbohydrate source plays a significant role in the regeneration process. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose were used to generate mature somatic embryos in ‘Trumpeter’, ‘Dr
(250 mm × 4 mm i.d.) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min −1 . The mobile phase was distilled water. The detection was accomplished using a RI2414 detector. Commercial sugars, including glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose, purchased from Sigma
replicates on each experiment for soluble solids. Similarly, three plants per genotype were sampled to measure individual sugars including fructose, glucose, and sucrose; due to COVID-19 related restrictions, data were not collected for individual sugars in
) trees, higher SSC, less TA, and less firmness was found ( Rebolledo–Martínez et al., 2008 ). These inconsistent results might be related to the spraying time, application rate, and fruit species. Fructose, glucose, sorbitol, and sucrose are the main
ground using a mortar and pestle and stored at −20 °C until analyzed. Carbohydrate extraction. Glucose, sucrose, fructose, and starch were enzymatically extracted from 70 mg dried, ground tissue following the protocol of Zhao et al. (2010) . Microplate