Abstract
Three degrees of scion-understock compatibility were used to describe the rose bud-graft combinations ‘Charlotte Armstrong’–R. multiflora Thunb. seedlings: the compatible, the rapidly failing, and the slowly failing union in which cambiform tissue did not develop in callus of scion origin. In the slowly failing union, callus contact between understock and scion was sufficient to maintain the scion in a dormant condition, but was not sufficient for its maintenance under climatic stress or growth stress induced by heading-back the understock. Symptoms of bud-graft failure could be identified by the 4th day after grafting.
Genetic transformation of cut roses may greatly facilitate cultivar improvement programs by shortening the time required to introduce new genes into elite germplasm. The biolistic process offers a very promising method for the genetic transformation of roses.
Several factors that have a significant affect on transformation efficiency were examined in an effort to optimize the biolistic process for gene transfer in roses. The factors examined were type of tissue (leaf segments, petioles, callus, etc.), bombardment distance, the number of bombardments, DNA construct and microcarrier velocity.
Two constructs of the reporter gene, β-GUS, were examined to determine which construct provided the highest level of expression. Only the construct designated pBI 426 provided β-GUS positive cells in leaf and callus tissue. This construct was used in all subsequent experiments.
Experiments to find the optimum number of bombardments and rupture disk pressure were carried out using leaf and callus tissue and 1.6 μm gold particles. The optimum number of bombardments per sample was three for leaf tissue. The optimum rupture disk pressure was 900 p.s.i. for leaf and callus tissue.
Meristems of axillary buds are being bombarded in situ on stem-bud explains. These should yield transgenic rose plantlets in 3 to 4 weeks.
Day (DT) and night temperature (NT), and irradiation (photosynthetic photon flux-PPF) treatment combinations were run from a rotatable central composite design. At flowering, response surfaces were plotted for `Royalty' rose for plant growth characteristics: node number, stem diameter, stem length, and dry weight of stem, leaves, flower bud, and total shoot. Overall development was recorded from pinch until visible bud, first bud color, and flowering. All characteristics except node number and stem length were significant (P=0.05) for a full quadratic model having ten estimated coefficients. Greatest dry weights were predicted at flowering for the lowest DT (15C) and NT (12C) combination, and required the longest time for development. Conversely, most rapid development and least dry weight accumulated for high DT (25C) and NT (22C). Thus, a compromise exists between rapid development and quality of the flowering stem. As PPF increased from 50 to 300 μmol m-2s-1, predictions for dry weights increased while developmental time decreased.
This study evaluated the response of rose to different herbicides applied as simulated drift. Chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide}, thifensulfuron {3[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid}, bromoxynil(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), 2,4-D[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine], and a combination of 2,4-D and glyphosate were applied over the top of established rose plants at 1/3, 1/10,1/33, and 1/100 of the maximum labeled rate for grains. All herbicides injured rose. The greatest injury was from chlorsulfuron and 2,4-D, and the least injury was from bromoxynil and glyphosate. Plants recovered from the injury caused by all treatments except for the highest rates of chlorsulfuron and 2,4-D, which continued to show significant injury at the end of the growing season. Although all herbicides had characteristic symptoms, some of these were very similar to those caused by other stresses. Therefore, because of the potential ambiguity of visual symptoms, any allegation about herbicide drift should be based on a report of all symptoms and should be supported by residue analysis.
et al., 2006 ; Isagi et al., 2004 ). Several authors have used this technique in olive to examine the paternity of seedlings ( De la Rosa et al., 2004 ) and even of ungerminated seeds ( Díaz et al., 2006 ; Mookerjee et al., 2005 ). In fact, some of
increasingly common ( Ávila-Díaz et al., 2009 ; Damon et al., 2004 ; Lee-Espinosa et al., 2007 ; Mata-Rosas and Salazar-Rojas, 2009 ; Mata-Rosas et al., 2010 ; Santos-Hernández et al., 2005 ). Nevertheless, it is critical to establish new protocols for
has been suggested ( De la Rosa et al., 2006 ). Because there is no correlation between vigor in the seedling stage and vigor in the corresponding adult vegetative propagated selection, this initial selection for high vigor in the greenhouse does not
variedades de olivo Consejo Oleícola Internacional Madrid Díaz, A. De la Rosa, R. Rallo, P. Muñoz-Díez, C. Trujillo, I. Barranco, D. Martín, A. Belaj, A. 2007 Identification
2009: R 2 = 0.72). Significant correlation between height and diameter measurements in olive seedlings has been previously reported ( De la Rosa et al., 2006 ; Rallo et al., 2008 ). Solarization produced a significant increase in trunk diameter in
Italian university students New Medit 12 2 47 55 Vega-Zamora, M. Parras-Rosa, M. Torres-Ruiz, F.J. Murgado-Armenteros, E.M. 2011 Los factores impulsores e inhibidores del consumo de alimentos ecológicos en España. El caso del aceite de oliva Interciencia