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., 2006 ). Pine bark has been observed to be a suitable medium for plant growth ( Pokorny et al., 1986 ), especially in southern nurseries, and is accepted as the primary component of most soilless substrates in container production ( Bilderback et al

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management strategy easily into production. It is hypothesized that a single screen could be used to divide a pine bark substrate into fractions to achieve stratification. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth effects of a nursery

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Abstract

Polyvinyl chloride columns (4 × 15 cm) containing by volume either 2 pine bark : 1 moss peat : 0 sand, 2 pine bark : 0 moss peat : 1 sand, 0 pine bark : 1 moss peat : 1 sand, or 2 pine bark : 1 moss peat : 1 sand amended with 3 kg m-3 of 32P-superphosphate (8.7% P) were leached daily with 16 or 32 ml of deionized water (pH 5.5) in 1 hour. Irrigation rate did not affect 32P leaching nor was there a media rate interaction or difference in the percentage total 32P and dissolved 32P leached. Medium 2:1:1 had the greatest percentage (76%) of 32P leached during the 3-week experimental period, however, 55% of the 32P amendment leached from each medium the 1st week.

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indaziflam ( Jhala and Singh, 2012 ). Table 2. Retention of preemergence herbicides in 2 inches (5.08 cm) of pine bark mulch following 1.5-inches (3.81 cm) of irrigation. Physical property analysis. Particle size analysis showed that PS was mostly composed of

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North Carolina State University (NCSU) Porometer Method ( Fonteno et al. 1995 ) require specific MCs for different substrates to be tested accurately. Pine bark is generally shipped by truckload and may vary considerably in MC. Peat moss is commonly

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al., 2006 ; Fain et al., 2006 ; Laiche and Nash, 1986 ; Wright and Browder, 2005 ). Although pine bark (PB) is a product/component of pine trees, for the purpose of describing pine wood-based substrates that have recently been investigated, it is

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experimental pine bark-based substrates used to produce Hydrangea arborescens plants. Substrates included conventional pine bark (unprocessed bark, UB), bark particles that pass through a 4.0-mm screen (fine bark, FB), bark particles that do not pass through

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(OM) components in them. These components, primarily composed of sphagnum peatmoss and pine bark, can become hydrophobic, thus reducing wettability ( Dekker et al., 2000a ; Michel et al., 2001 ). The molecules of OM contain many organic acid

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these large containers are composed primarily of aged pine bark and Canadian sphagnum peatmoss blends. These materials provide support for plant growth structurally as well as providing a nutrient and water reservoir. Pine bark (PB) and peatmoss (PM) are

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These studies were conducted to determine the effect of 1) temperature on P leaching from a soilless medium amended with various P fertilizers, 2) water application volume on P leaching, and 3) various fertilizers on P leaching during production and growth of marigolds (Tagetes erecta L. `Hero Flame'). Increasing temperature linearly decreased leaching fraction; however, total P leached from the single (SSP) or triple (TSP) superphosphate-amended medium did not differ regardless of temperature. Despite a smaller leaching fraction at higher temperatures and no change in the total P leached, P was probably leached more readily at higher temperatures. More P was leached from the medium amended with uncoated monoammonium phosphate (UCP) than from the medium containing polymer-coated monoammonium phosphate (CTP) at all temperatures, and more P was leached from UCP-amended medium at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. More P was leached from TSP- than from SSP-amended medium and from UCP- than from CTP-amended medium regardless of the water volume applied, but leachate P content increased linearly as water application volume increased for all fertilizers tested. Plant dry weights did not differ regardless of P source. Leachate electrical conductivity (EC) was lower with TSP than with SSP. Leachate EC was also lower with CTP than with UCP. A higher percentage of P from controlled release fertilizer was taken up by plants rather than being leached from the medium compared to P from uncoated fertilizers.

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