. III Faust, J.E. Higgins, A. Williams, J. 2004 The Ecke poinsettia manual. Ball Publ., Batavia, IL 10.1016/S0304-4165(89)80016-9 Genty, B. Briatais, J.B. Baker, N.R. 1989 The relationships between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport
maximum photochemical efficiency ( F v / F m ), photochemical yield [Y(II)], and electron transport rate (ETR) were measured with a fluorometer (MINI-PAM-II; Heinz Walz, Effeltrich, Germany) on the two largest leaves of each plant. Leaf F v / F m was
electron transport chains in the chloroplasts can react with O 2 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The excess ROS may cause damage to the cell membrane through lipid peroxidation, proteins, and nucleic acids
from 12 to 21 h⋅d −1 with DLI at 12 and 17 mol⋅m −2 ⋅d −1 , respectively, which may be caused by the increased daily photochemical integral (the total electron transport through photosystem II integrated over a 24-h period). However, opposite results
electron transport pathway in leaf chloroplasts ( Yabuta et al., 2007 ). It is known that increased proportions of blue light generated by LEDs increase photosynthesis ( Hogewoning et al., 2010 ; Matsuda et al., 2004 , 2007 ). Therefore, the accumulations
stress; this finding is analogous to those found previously in ginkgo cells ( Chen et al., 2014 ). In conclusion, severe salt stress decreases pigment content and activity of photosynthetic electron transport (Φ PSII , q P ), inhibits conversion ( F v / F
cold stress period. Higher concentrations of ascorbate and ascorbate peroxidase were also observed in evergreens in winter ( Anderson et al., 1992 ). The importance of a balanced adjustment of electron transport and antioxidative systems for avoidance
phosphorylation pathway, ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase (spot 386) was identified. This pathway is highly efficient in releasing energy but produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) during electron transport in the mitochondria ( Zsigmond et al., 2008 ). The
′)/( F m − F o ); photochemical quenching (qP) = ( F m ′ − F s )/( F m ′ − F o ); relative deviation energy from a complete balance between PSI and PSII (1 − qP) = 1 − ( F m ′ − F s )/( F m ′ − F o ′); relative electron transport rate (ETR) = Φ PSII
saturation at a PPFD range of 213 to 259 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 ( Fig. 2 ). In general, plants grown under higher PPFD have high light saturation points because of the higher level of enzymes for carboxylation and electron transport ( Callan and Kennedy, 1995