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Abstract
A study was designed to develop a routine method for long-term preservation of hardy fruit buds in liquid nitrogen. In hardy shoots of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) prefrozen at the temperatures ranging from −30 to −50°C, little or no injury was observed in the leaf buds and cortex after immersion in liquid nitrogen with subsequent slow rewarming at 0°C. When leaf buds from apple shoots immersed in liquid nitrogen for 2 hours after prefreezing to −40° were grafted on the two-year-old seedlings, most of the buds developed normally and continued their shoot growth. Recently, it was confirmed that apple leaf buds immersed in liquid nitrogen for 23 months still remained alive. This prefreezing method was successfully applied to leaf buds of other hardy fruit trees, such as gooseberry, currant, raspberry, and pear.
Abstract
Volatiles from garlic and horseradish paste broke corm dormancy of springflowering gladiolus (Gladiolus × Tubergenii Hort. Effective substances in garlic were allyl sulfide, methyl disulfide, n-propyl disulfide, and those in horseradish were allyl sulfide, allyl isothiocyanate, and n-propyl sulfide. Monosulfide extracted from garlic paste, allyl sulfide, and allyl disulfide were effective in breaking corm dormancy of summer-flowering gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.). Methyl disulfide promoted sprouting and flowering of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) and flowering of ornamental cherry (Prunus spp.) without phytotoxic symptoms.