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This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of obtaining plantlets via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis as means of in vitro mass propagation in Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum Makino, one of the most popular wild vegetable plants in Korea. Shoots formed directly when bulb explants of A. victorialis were cultured on MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L–1 NAA and 2.0 mg·L–1 zeatin under 16 hours (light)/8 hours (dark) illumination. The use of leaf and shoot tip explants was not successful, largely due to explant senescence in the present of plant growth regulators. Embryogenic calli were obtained from the bulb explants of A. victorialis on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg·L–1 NAA, 0.2 mg·L–1 BAP, and 1.0 mg·L–1 picloram after 4–5 weeks of culture in the dark at 27°C. Upon transfer to shoot-induced MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L–1 NAA and 2.0 mg·L–1 zeatin, embryogenic calli gave rise to numerous somatic embryos, which subsequently developed into multiple shoots after 3 months of culture under 16 hours(light)/8 hours (dark) illumination. For root induction, regenerated shoots were transferred to MS medium added with 1.0 mg·L–1 NAA. Regenerants with well-developed roots were potted in an artificial soil mixture of vermiculite (1) and perlite (1).
In an attempt to obtain the basic data for the development of Hanabusaya asiatica as horticultural plants, studies were conducted on the habitat environment, ecological characteristics, various treatments for breaking seed dormancy, and morphological and flowering characteristics of H. asiatica at different growth stages. Hanabusaya asiatica was distributed around areas of 850–1400 m above sea level with an inclination of 5–43°. The vegetation structure of H. asiatica was represented in groups as Quercus mongolica and H. asiatica. In a subgroup, Symplocos chinensis v. leucocarpa for. pilosa, Magnolia sieboldii, and Acer mono were included. Indication species of Quercus mongolica and H. asiatica were Quercus mongolica (B1 layer), Tilia amurensis (B2 layer), Rhododendron schlippenbachii (S layer), Ainsliaea acerifolia v. subapoda, Athyrium nipponicum, Spuriopimpinella brachycarpa, and Carex siderostica (K layer). Soil pH was about 5.4, and soil fertility was relatively in a good condition. The optimum conditions for seed germination was at 25Y.
Onions are a major vegetables in Korea. Short-day onions are grown in more than 95% in southern area of South Korea, and long-day onions are grown above 600-m altitude in the highlands. Onion cultivation in the highland areas has become difficult for farmers to obtain high income but stable production because of higher cost of seed and the intensive labor involved in production. Consequently, onion set culture by inexpensive onion seeds compared with expensive F1 seed has an advantage due to the higher proportion of marketable size bulbs. This study was conducted to find out the suitable sowing time and tray size for onion set culture in the highlands—the earlier the sowing time, the higher the number of onions set. The most appropriate sowing date and 1.6–3.5 g of onion set size was early to middle May, also with the highest distribution percentage. The highest set number (780.8 set/m2) of suitable onion set size (1.6–3.5 g) were harvested from the 288 trays, followed by 770 set from the bed (9 g/m2 of seed sowed), and (7/m2 of seed sowed) in the 406 tray.