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- Author or Editor: Wilbur C. Anderson x
Abstract
Revision of the Murashige-Skoog (MS) 1962 inorganic formula was necessary for the successful culture of rhododendron cultivars. A bioassay system was developed to assess the effects of modifying the MS formula. Inorganic revisions included reduction of nitrogen from 60 to 14.7 mm and potassium from 20 to 4.7 mm. Phosphorus was adjusted to 2.75 mm. Iron concentration was doubled to 200 μm and iodine was reduced to 1.8 μm. These changes reduced the salinity of the inorganics from 5.2 to 2.2 mmho cm−1. General growth regulator concentrations for shoot proliferation are 1 mg/liter 3-aceticindole acid (I A A) and 5 mg/liter N6-(2-isopentenyl)-adenine (2iP), but these concentrations vary among cultivars.
Broccoli, potatoes, cucumbers and green peas were fertilized respectively with 241, 168, 168 and 28 kg N ha-1. The N accumulation was equivalent to the fertilizer application rates for the broccoli, potatoes and cucumbers while the peas accumulated 321 kg N ha-1. Vegetable yields were not affected by previous cereal rye cover crops when compared to the fallow control. Cover crops following broccoli accumulated the least and peas the most N. Inorganic N in the top 30 cm at harvest were significantly different between vegetables, but not in the 30-60 cm depth.
Chicken manure and ammonium nitrate as N sources were compared. Broccoli was the test crop and was fertilized with both sources at 241 kg N ha-1. Broccoli yields and N accumulation were different between sources of N and between N and no-N treatments. Inorganic N leaching was greatest with ammonium nitrate fertilization and chicken manure was similar to the no-N fertilizer treatment.
Cabbage seed production in western Washington is at risk from freeze damage in the months of November to February. During the 1987-1988, 1988-1989 and 1989-1990 winters, the cold protection efficacy of 5 floating row covers (Agryl P17, Dewitt N-sulate, Reemay 2014, DuPont Typar, VisQueen Porous Row Cover) and straw was tested on field-grown cabbage. Air temperature in the cabbage crown, Tk50 of cabbage leaves, plant winter survival and seed yield were measured. During a severe freeze in February 1989, an average temperature of -11.1 °C was recorded in the uncovered controls while temperatures under the row covers were -6.7°C, -6.8°C and -8.4 °C under the N-sulate, VisQueen and Agryl covers, respectively. When compared to controls in June of 1989, row covers increased the survival of the more cold hardy `Brunswick' plants but did not significantly increase seed yields. The duration and severity of the February 1989 freeze was such that all of the less cold hardy `Golden Acre' plants were killed.
Abstract
In vitro bulbing of Dutch iris (Irish xiphium × I. tingitana) was developed to facilitate transfer of tissue-cultured plant materials to greenhouse conditions. The environmental factors that increased bulb number, size, and weight were: 22C or higher for 6 months where there was no prechilling period and complete darkness. Bulblet formation was not enhanced when the culture medium was supplemented with auxins, cytokinins, or combinations of auxins and cytokinins. The most favorable medium constituents were 6% to 38% sucrose, full-strength Murashige and Skoog inorganics, and 0.6% to 0.8% Phytagar.
Abstract
Broccoli flower buds were explanted to a medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog inorganic salts, 30 g sucrose, 100 mg i-inositol, 0.4 mg thiamine·HCl, 80 mg adenine sulfate dihydrate, 170 mg NaH2PO4·H2O, 1 mg indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 4 mg 6(γ-, γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP) and 8 g Bacto-agar per liter. The culture environment was 19–23°C and 1 klx light, 16 hours duration per day from cool white fluorescent tubes. After 5 weeks culture, the explants had produced about 3 shoots per flower bud. The shoots were subcultured on the same medium with a 7.5 fold increase of shoots in 5 weeks. To develop roots, the shoot cuttings were transferred for 2 weeks to a modification of the medium detailed above containing no adenine sulfate dihydrate, NaH2PO4·H2O or 2iP and the IAA was reduced to 0.2 mg per liter. The light intensity was increased to 6 klx. The plantlets were planted in a peat-perlite mix and placed under intermittent mist for 1—3 days. The plants grew in the greenhouse to transplant stage in 6—7 weeks with 96% survival rate.
Abstract
WSU 28 and WSU 31 are inbred lines of peas (Pisum sativum L.) with resistance respectively to races 1, 5, 6 and 1, 2, 5, 6 of Fusarium oxysporum (van Hall) Snyder. Hans, f sp pisi Schlecth. emend. Snyd. & Hans. (3,4). WSU 28 and WSU 31 also are used as differential inbred lines in the identification of races of F. oxysporum f sp pisi (6). WSU 28 was released by Washington State Univ. in 1976 and WSU 31 in 1980. Resistance to each of the races 1, 2, 5, and 6 of F. oxysporum f sp pisi is controlled by a single but different dominant gene (1, 3, 4, 6, 9). Races 1 and 2 occur in all growing areas of the world (5, 7, 8), but races 5 and 6 are major production constraints only in western Washington and southwest British Columbia (1, 2).