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- Author or Editor: W. R. Carpenter x
Abstract
2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon), 6-(benzylamino) - 9 - (2-tetrahydropyran-yl) - 9 H-purine (PBA), and N6 benzyl adenine (N6BA) were applied to greenhouse rose cvs. Red American Beauty, Forever Yours, Mary DeVor and Jack Frost as sprays, lanolin paste, and in solutions in floral foam. Axillary shoot development was significantly increased when PBA and N6BA were applied as sprays, in paste or in solutions in floral foam. The most significant response was obtained when the chemical solutions were absorbed from floral foam cubes attached to a cutback rose cane. Most of the axillary buds broke dormancy when the growth regulating chemicals were applied by this method, however, many of the developing buds stopped growth before becoming shoots. Chemicals PBA and N6BA significantly increased the development of flowering and blind shoots for all rose clones. Plant growth regulating chemicals, methods of application, and concentrations favorable for the development of axillary shoots had no comparable effect on basal shoots developing from the rose bud union.
Abstract
Supplemental lighting nightly during late spring and early summer with Wide Spectrum Gro-Lux fluorescent lamps at 29 lamp watts/ft2 has been found to improve the development of newly planted dormant and cut-back rose plants. Lighted plants of cvs Electra, Red American Beauty and Forever Yours produced a higher percentage of flowering stems than unlighted plants. Plants receiving supplemental lighting had significant increases in the no. of flowering stems developing after a hard pinch, and generally significant increases in bottom breaks. Cut flower production was increased 18-41% after plant development had been completed, but for ‘Electra’ this increase was in flower stem lengths less than 15 inches.
Abstract
Geraniums (Pelargonium hortorum Bailey) grown under constant supplemental lighting using 105 watt Wide Spectrum Gro-Lux fluorescent lamps at 14 lamp watts/ft2 for periods of 0 to 4 weeks flowered in approximately the same no. of days from seeding and the terminal stems had similar no. of nodes. Plants lighted 6 to 10 weeks also flowered uniformly but 24-55 days (21-33%) earlier and with 2-6 fewer nodes than those receiving no supplement light or lighted for less time.
Abstract
Immersion of cut carnation, Dianthus caryophyllus L. ‘Red Sim’ at the open, partially open or tight bud stage for 6-24 hours in 5-methyl-7-chloro-4-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazole (MCED) at 5 ppm in combination with 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8HQS) at 200 ppm and 1.5% sucrose increased flower life. The greatest increase occurred when flowers were immersed in the solution at the partially open and tight bud stages for 12 to 24 hours.
Abstract
6-(Benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydrophyranyl)-9H-purine (PBA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) sprays effectively induced increased branching and thus the no. of terminal stem cuttings from stock plants of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) cvs. Eckespoint C-1 Red and Paul Mikkelsen. Terminal stem cuttings taken 30 days after BA treatment were delayed in root formation and development. (2-Chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) sprays were ineffective in increasing stock plant branching or cutting yield compared to untreated plants.
Abstract
Continuous lighting with Lucalox lamps at 58W/m2 supplementing natural daylight for 1 to 4 weeks after transplanting increased plant height, root length and fresh weight of Petunia hybrida Hort cultivar White Cascade, Tagetes erectra L. cultivar Moonshot, and Zinnia elegan cultivar Peter Pan Pink. Differences became larger between lighted and unlighted treatments as the lighting period increased. Plants lighted for 4 weeks after transplanting flowered earlier (9 to 23 days), were slightly shorter, and had larger top fresh weight than those unlighted, Impatiens sultanii cultivar Scarlet Elfin responded less than the other species.
Abstract
Four greenhouse rose cultivars were grown under 9, 12, and 16-hr daylengths from September to May during 1969-70 and 1970-71. Flower production was generally increased significantly under the 16-hr daylength, particularly during January and February. At this day length, rose stems flowered again more quickly, but with the same number of nodes present as in the other treatments. The internode between the 2 uppermost 5-leaflet leaves was significantly longer on plants grown at 16 and 12 hr than the 9-hr daylengths. Flower fresh and dry wt increased as the daylengths increased from 9 to 16 hr and the percentages of blind stems were found to decrease. Rose leaf and flower petal size were unchanged by the daylength.
Abstract
Foliar sprays of 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9H-purine (PBA) at 200 or 300 ppm and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) at 500 or 1000 ppm, caused the development of 90% or more of the lateral branches of ‘Annette Hegg’ and ‘Dark Red Annette Hegg’ poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) while 2 to 4 lateral branches developed from terminal stems of “Eckespoint C-l Red” near the position of the apical meristem. (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) sprays increased lateral branch development significantly above the control treatment but less than PBA or BA while 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) produced only slightly more branches than the control.
Abstract
Succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhy drazide (Alar) applied commercially to 'De licious’ apple trees at a concentration of 1,000 ppm at 8 and 125 days after full bloom in 1968 caused flattened misshapen fruit to be produced in 1969.
Phlox drummondii Hook seed germinated well over a wide range of constant or alternating temperatures. Germination percentages at constant temperatures of 10 to 25C ranged from 94% to 98% for `Light Salmon' and from 83% to 88% for `Deep Salmon'. No seeds germinated at constant 30C. Total germination percentages at alternating temperatures ranged from 93% to 99% for `Light Salmon' and 67% to 82% for `Deep Salmon'. For both cultivars, the number of days to 50% of final germination (T50) and between 10% and 90% germination (T90-T10) decreased as constant temperatures or the median for alternating temperatures rose from 10 to 20C. The seeds had only limited desiccation tolerance. Reducing the moisture content of stored seed from 9 % to 5 % did not reduce total germination significantly, but 5% to 6% seed moisture levels increased the days to T50 and T90-T10 compared with higher moisture contents. The relative humidity and temperature that phlox seed received during long-term storage influenced germination. After seed was stored at 5C, germination generally was higher, earlier, and more uniform than after storage at 15 or 25C. The highest total germination percentages and shortest T50 and T90-T10 occurred following storage for 12 months at 5C and 20% to 40% relative humidity.