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- Author or Editor: W. C. Anderson x
Abstract
The two outside rows of an 11-row planting of peas (Pisum sativum L.) produced a 40% greater shelled pea yield than the average of the 9 interior rows. The yield difference of the outside rows was primarily due to enhanced maturity. When yields were adjusted to 100 tenderometer there were no significant differences between the outside and interior rows of the plots. The use of barley guard rows eliminated the border effect. There were no yield differences between plots harvested with barley guard rows and plots harvested from the interior of solid plantings.
Abstract
Single plant progeny (SPP) lines of peas (Pisum sativum L.) selected from the cultivars Early Frosty and Darkskin Perfection were compared for days to bloom, nodes to first flower, and yield. In 1980, SPP lines from within a cultivar deviated significantly in bloom date, nodes to first flower, and yield. One SPP line from each cultivar was compared to the commercial cultivar for yield from 1980 through 1985. The average yield during 5 years for ‘Early Frosty’ and ‘Darkskin Perfection’ was 4.07 and 3.72 t·ha-1 and 5.86 and 5.80 t·ha-1 for their respective SPP lines, equivalent to 44% and 56% yield improvement for the SPP lines. The data obtained from the SPP lines establish that genetic diversity existed within the two cultivars studied. This diversity could be stabilized in SPP lines. With one exception, variation between the SPP lines and/or the cultivar were within the phenotypic descriptions of the original cultivars. The superior yield of the SPP lines selected from ‘Early Frosty’ and ‘Darkskin Perfection’ could not be attributed to the selection of an unknown cultivar contaminating ‘Early Frosty’ and ‘Darkskin Perfection’.
Abstract
Manganese chelate sprays at bud formation, first bloom and a split application at bud formation and full bloom, increased vine growth of peas (Pisum sativum L.) Shelled pea yields increased with the following Mn chelate rates and timing: 134 g Mn/ha (1 lb. Mn chelate/acre) at first bloom, 269g Îœn/ha (2 lb. Mn chelate/acre) at bud formation and first bloom; and with the split application of 134g Îœn/ha at bud formation and 134g Îœn/ha at full bloom. Tissue analyses showed that redistribution of foliar applied Mn to the non-sprayed new growth was negligible.
Abstract
A broadcast MnSO4 treatment of 38 Kg Mn/ha resulted in 2½-fold increase in both plant growth and shelled pea yields of ‘Darkskin Perfection’ peas. Pods per plant and peas per pod, 2 components of the yield equation, were reduced by Mn deficiency. Seed treatments of Mn EDTA were not effective in correcting the deficiency.
Abstract
Costs were estimated for vegetatively producing plants of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. (Italica group) through tissue culture with 3 culture stages and growing the plants 7 weeks in the greenhouse to field transplant size. The analysis was based on producing 11,000 finished transplants per week. Unit costs were estimated at 11.6¢ for tissue culture production of each plantlet and an additional 3.8¢ greenhouse cost for growing to transplant size.
Abstract
Tomato fruits, initially mature-green and held at 55° F for 6 weeks, kept significantly better in 3% O2 and zero CO2 than in air. Three or 5% CO2 combined with the low-O2 atmosphere did not materially affect the amount of decay, and sometimes resulted in CO2 injury. Mature-green tomatoes ripened to a full red when held in air for 6 weeks at 55°. When stored in an atmosphere containing 3% O2, tomatoes ripened to pink. Red color development was further retarded in a low-O2 atmosphere supplemented with 3 or 5% CO2.
Exposing mature-green tomatoes to air for 16 hours midway in a 6-week holding period in low-O2 did not affect the decay or color of the fruits while in storage as compared to a continuous holding in low-O2. After ripening, however, the tomatoes from the interrupted treatment did not keep as well as those from the continuous treatment.
Mature-green tomatoes stored at CO2 levels of 3 or 5% tended to be more acid after ripening than tomatoes held in CO2-free atmospheres.
Abstract
Individual plants of 3 cultivars of peas (Pisum sativum L.)—‘Early Frosty’, ‘Darkskin Perfection 70A’, and ‘Puget 715’—were harvested to derive the plant yield components: numbers of filled pods, seeds/pod, seeds/plant, and fresh mean seed weight at processing maturity. These cultivars differed for number of filled pods, seeds/pods, and seeds/plant, but not for mean fresh seed weight. Following the conversion of yield component data to the log scale, a sequential yield component analysis was conducted via serial inclusion in a multiple regression equation. Both forward and backward sequential yield component analyses were computed. Across the 3 cultivars, the yield component contributing most to plant variation was pod number in both the forward and backward analysis. Contributions of the yield components to the total yield variation, ranked in declining order of importance for the forward analysis, were number of pods (73.6%), seeds/pod (13.6%), and weight/seed (12.9%). Backward analysis did not change the ranking, and the respective percentages were 47.9%, 40.6%, and 11.5%. Yields estimated through yield components were 7% to 14% higher than those measured from harvested plots.
The performance of a reactor designed to convert volatile hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water by a combination of surface chemistry and UV radiation was tested under conditions relevant to horticulture. Air containing 65 to 1100 nL·L–1 ethylene gas passed through a bed of catalyst crystals at a rate of 0.1 to 2.0 L·min–1. The catalyst bed consisted of 14 g of zirconia-titania particles, 0.50 to 0.75 mm in size, that occupied the space between a 4-W UV lamp and a stainless-steel housing. Dew-point temperatures of the air passing through the reactor ranged from 5 to 22°C and internal reactor temperatures ranged from 20 to 80°C. Increasing internal reactor temperature, ethylene concentration, or air flow resulted in increasing ethylene photocatalysis by the reactor. Increasing dewpoint temperature of the air stream resulted in decreasing ethylene photocatalysis by the reactor. Operation of the reactor over a 120-day period showed that reactor design and catalyst performance were stable and robust during continuous duty. Our results demonstrate that the reactor performed well over a wide range of conditions and may be useful for applications in horticulture. This research was, in part, NASA sponsored, and a reactor similar in design to that used in our studies has been used for plant growth in space.
Abstract
The rhizomes of 3 cultivars of tall bearded irises (Iris spp.)—‘Cayenne Capers’, ‘Babbling Brook’, and ‘Stepping Out’—were stored at 2°C for 9, 14, and 18 weeks and then forced to anthesis in a greenhouse. During vernalization, rhizomes were either planted into pots or placed on cooler shelves. Rhizomes of ‘Cayenne Capers’ required no vernalization to develop the flower bud, yet vernalization was required for ‘Babbling Brook’ and ‘Stepping Out’. The longer the vernalization period, the shorter the time to flower after being removed to the forcing environment. Rhizomes not planted during vernalization required more time to flower than those which were planted.
The inheritance of resistance to the root lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filip. and Stek.] in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) was studied in a four-member half diallel, involving two resistant genotypes and two susceptible genotypes. Estimates of general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) were determined for nematode densities in roots alone and soil alone, nematode densities per plant, and plant root and foliage biomass. GCA were significant for nematodes in soil and for root and foliage biomass; SCA were significant for nematodes in the soil and for root biomass. Neither GCA nor SCA was significant for number of nematodes in the roots or per plant.