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- Author or Editor: Takashi Hosoki x
Effects of methyl disulfide (MeS2) on sprouting and phytohormones in dormant corms of spring-flowering gladiolus (Gladiolu×Tubergenii Hort. `Charm') were studied. Corms treated with MeS2 sprouted 30 days earlier than nontreated corms. The concentrations of endogenous promoters in the corm tissue increased and inhibitors decreased within 24 h of treatments. High concentration of inhibitors were present in the nontreated corms.
Abstract
Ethanol treatment broke dormancy in Gladiolus spp., Freesia spp., Lilium longiflorum Thunb., Zingiber myoga Rose., Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC., Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., and Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. Effectiveness of ethanol depended on species and stage of dormancy.
Abstract
A hot water (46° ± 1°C for 1 hr) treatment accelerated sprouting from gladiolus corms (Gladiolus sp.) and Easter lily bulbs (Lilium longiflorum). The respiration rate increased in both corms and bulbs after the hot water treatment. Ethanol was produced in corm and scale tissues immediately after the treatment, but no enhancement of ethylene production was observed.
Abstract
Corms of spring-flowering gladiolus (Gladiolus ×Tubergenii Hort.) stored at 30 °C sprouted earlier than those stored at 5°. Ethylene production peaked earlier, inhibitor levels decreased, and auxin-like substances increased more rapidly with corms stored at 30°. Cytokinins did not appear in corms stored at either 5° or 30° for 6 weeks, but appeared in corms at sprouting.
Abstract
The dormant period of corms in spring-flowering gladiolus (Gladiolus × tubergenii ‘Charm’) was shortened with a 4-hour treatment of methyl disulfide (MeS2), one of the volatiles from garlic. Flowering rate of the treated corms with or without 15 days of storage at 30C was greatly enhanced compared with untreated control corms. In plants from 4-hour MeS2-treated corms, flower quality, as measured by flower stalk length, flower inflorescence length, floret number, and leaf number, was acceptable for December and January markets. The most beneficial effect by 4-hr MeS2 treatment was an increase in cut flowers on the second shoots, which did not flower on control corms. The relationship between accelerated sprouting by MeS2 treatment and rapid increase in respiration was also discussed.
Micropropagation of Centaurea macrocephala Pushk. ex Willd. was achieved by subculturing of vertically split shoots and division of axillary buds on MS-based medium with 0.44 μm BA. A proliferation rate of 2.0 per 16-day culture period was obtained. Seventy percent of microcuttings obtained through in vitro culture could be rooted on a modified Hyponex medium with 25 μM IBA. All plantlets were readily acclimatized and grown in a greenhouse. Chemical names used: benzylaminopurine (BA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
Abstract
Tazetta narcissus ‘Geranium’ and large-cupped ‘Fortune’ were propagated from tissue cultures. Cultures of young flower stalks of ‘Geranium’ produced many adventitious buds on a culture medium supplemented with 5mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) plus 1mg/liter naphtaleneacetic acid. (NAA). Ovaries, leaves, and disks also produced adventitious buds although the number of buds was smaller. When the elongating shoots were transferred to a culture medium supplemented with 0.1mg/liter NAA alone, they formed bulbs with roots. These plantlets were successfully established in vermiculite in pots 4 months after explanting.
Abstract
In vitro propagation of bromeliads (Quesnelia quesneliana (Brongn.) L. B. Sm., Vriesea poelmannii Lindl., Aechmea fasciata (Lindl.) Baker and Guzamania spp.) was achieved using lateral bud culture. Liquid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and 1.0 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was optimum for adventitious bud induction. Recultured young leaves produced many adventitious buds from the basal parts. Shoots obtained by this method rooted easily in 0.1 mg/liter NAA solid medium and were successfully established in pots.
Potted plants of `Taiyoh' and `Hanakisoi' tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) were treated with a foliar spray of uniconazole or paclobutrazol for shoot length control. Uniconazole sprays at 25 or 50 ppm upon sprouting effectively reduced shoot length in both cultivars. The retarding effect was greater in `Taiyoh' than in `Hanakisoi' at 25 ppm. Uniconazole treatment did not influence flower diameter or days to flowering in either cultivar. Paclobutrazol sprays at 500 and 1000 ppm were less effective in reducing `Hanakisoi' shoot length than uniconazole sprays at 25 and 50 ppm. Chemical names used: E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-l-pentan-3-ol (uniconazole); (1RS, 3RS)-1-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-l-pentan-3-ol (paclobutrazol).
We previously reported that growth of lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] seedlings is accelerated by amending the growing medium with 1% (w/w) chitosan. This finding prompted us to search for organic nitrogenous other substances like chitosan which could accelerate seedling growth. Seeds of E. grandiflorum `Peter blue line 2'were sown in a sandy loam growing medium containing 1% (w/w) chitosan, tryptone, casein, collagen or gelatin. At eleven weeks after sowing, leaf length and width, fresh and dry weights of the shoots and roots of twelve plants were determined for each treatment. Eleven weeks after sowing, the leaves at the fifth node had expanded in the chitosan, tryptone and collagen treatments while the leaves of the third node had not yet expanded in control plants. Fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots were significantly greater for plants grown in media amended with chitosan or tryptone. Percent nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in the shoots and roots and percent phosphorus (P) in the shoots was greater only in the N side dressing treatment. The nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration was significantly greater in media amended with tryptone or collagen compared to the other treatments.