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- Author or Editor: Suhas R. Ghate x
Cucumber crop was established in conservation tillage from gel-sown germinated seed. Fungicides (flutolanil + metalaxyl) were mixed with gel or applied as a drench after seeding to control Rhizoctonia and Pythium seedling diseases. The benefit of mixing fungicides with gel was similar to drenching the seeded area with fungicides. There was no added advantage of using germinated seed for cucumber production in conservation tillage. In fact, germinated seed was more susceptible to fungal diseases in the absence of fungicides. Crop yield was greater in conventionally-prepared soil than in conservation tillage.
Abstract
Germinated seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and pepper (Capsicum annum L.) were placed in bags of different polyethylene films and stored in various environmental conditions for up to 63 days. Performance of the stored seeds was evaluated both in the greenhouse and field. Tomato seed placed in 100 μm polyethylene film bags packaged either in vacuum or nitrogen and stored at 7°C produced excellent plant stand up to 63 days. Radicle elongation in nitrogen environment was minimal. The same environments, in addition to hand-sealing in Ziploc bags and storing at 7°, kept the germinated pepper seed in a viable condition. Radicle elongation was the least in vacuum and nitrogen environments.
Abstract
Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were either germinated before planting, primed (immersed in an aerated solution of potassium phosphate and ammonium phosphate for 72 hours (tomato) or 120 hours (pepper) and dried), or left untreated (raw) and then planted with gel in loamy sand and sandy soils. There was little difference in response from the tomato seed treatments. In pepper, germinated seeds emerged much earlier and established heavier plants. Differences in emergence due to seed treatments generally were greater in loamy sand than in sandy soil.
Abstract
Field-establishment from germinated ‘Crimson Sweet’ watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb). Matsum. & Nakai] seeds was more rapid than from raw seeds, and differences were greater when soil temperatures ranged from less than the optimum (21.3 to 35.3C) to slightly less than the minimum (15.7C) for watermelon seed germination. Total yields were not influenced by planting methods, but germinated seeds and transplants enhanced early yield in 1983.
Abstract
The effect of daminozide as a plant growth retardant to protect potato seedlings from metribuzin injury was investigated. Plants of 6 potato cultivars were sprayed 42 days after planting with daminozide at 0, 2500, 5000 ppm concentrations. Four days after daminozide treatment, metribuzin at 0.56 kg/ha was applied. Within 3 days after metribuzin treatment, differences between potato cultivars in metribuzin tolerance was observed. Seven days after metribuzin application 25.2% to 42% of the control plants had more than 20% necrosis, and of this percentage, 0% to 13.9% plants were dead. Only 2.3% to 10.7% of the plants exhibited more than 20% metribuzin injury when pretreated with 2500 ppm daminozide. Potato plants treated with 5000 ppm daminozide were not damaged. The soluble solids of stem sap increased with daminozide rate. Protection from metribuzin injury in potato was associated with the increase in soluble solids in daminozide treated plants. Chemical name used: butanedioic acid mono (2, 2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide).
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), the most important dicotyledonous food crop in the world, is grown mostly under temperate climatic conditions and is usually planted vegetatively with tubers (often called “seed” tubers) (12). Use of seed tubers for potato production has many advantages, including ease of planting, vigorous plant growth, uniform tubers, and high tuber yields (27). However, with increased interest in production of potatoes in warm regions, use of seed tubers often becomes costly and has disadvantages (1, 2, 23, 27, 30). Some of the disadvantages of seed tubers in warm or developing regions of the world are: there is a lack of seed tuber certification programs; imported seed tubers are expensive; seed tubers often are contaminated with plant pathogens and other pests; and available potato cultivars often are not adapted to warm regions (2, 18, 19). Consequently, during the past decade, research efforts on adopting true potato seed (TPS) instead of seed tubers for potato production were initiated in many areas of the world (5, 8, 16, 17, 20).
Abstract
Bacterial wilt or brown rot caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Sm. is a major limiting factor in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in the warm, humid regions of the world, including the coastal plain region of southeastern United States (6, 7).
Abstract
Although extensive research is currently being conducted related to true potato seed (TPS) in the areas of breeding, production, and cultural practices (1, 3, 4, 5), there is little information generated on the engineering aspects of potato production from TPS. Potato production from TPS varies greatly from current methods in which potatoes are grown from tubers. Potatoes can be produced from TPS in three different ways: 1) seeding TPS in rows to produce potatoes similar to other crops produced by direct seeding; 2) planting TPS to raise transplants for planting in another field; and 3) using TPS for the production of seedling tubers to be used like “seed” tubers. Mechanization needs for each of these TPS uses are different. It might be necessary to modify the existing equipment or develop new equipment to meet specific needs of using TPS. Equipment needs for potato production from TPS in developing countries also will need special consideration. Engineering research conducted at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, related to potato production from TPS has been reported in detail by Ghate et al. (2). Since that publication, we have concentrated our research efforts in the direction of the equipment needs for TPS use in developing countries.
Abstract
Germinated seeds of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were fluid drilled in loamy sand and sandy soils on 5 sowing dates with additives daminozide, diphenamid, gibberellic acid, phenamiphos, and metalaxyl. Two sets of greenhouse transplants were produced from germinated seeds. The plants of the first set (T1) were transplanted in the field at the time of field seeding. The second set (T2) was greenhouse seeded on the field sowing dates and was transplanted later in the field. Gel additives did not affect total fruit yield. The T1 transplants produced significantly higher total yields than did the field-seeded crop. However, yields from these transplants were equal to or less than those from the field-seeded crop when the yields from the first 6 harvests were compared on Tifton loamy sand. Yields from the T2 transplants were similar to those obtained by field sowing. Yields in loamy sand were higher than those in sandy soil at all plantings for all treatments.
Abstract
A compressed air gel seeding system was developed to sow simultaneously several rows with different seed treatments. A technique to plant vegetable seeds at equidistant spacings using a solenoid valve and photoelectric device is described.