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To investigate factors influencing the seed germination of Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum DC.) and determine the optimal germination method, this study used an L16(43) orthogonal test. The effects of compound treatments, including 2.5% sodium carbonate degreasing time, indole acetic acid (IAA) concentration, and IAA soaking time on seed germination were examined. The results indicated that 2.5% sodium carbonate degreasing time was the primary factor affecting the germination rate and vigor index of the seeds. IAA concentration primarily affected the germination index and the duration of germination, whereas IAA soaking time primarily influenced the time lag of germination. In addition, the 2.5% sodium carbonate degreasing time had a significant effect on the germination rate; IAA concentration significantly impacted the germination index; and IAA soaking time had a significant effect on both the germination index and the time lag of germination. Through the analysis and evaluation of the membership function, the optimal treatment combinations for seed germination were determined to be a 24-hour degreasing time with 2.5% sodium carbonate, an IAA concentration of 200 mg·L−1, and an IAA soaking time of 12 hours. This study provides a valuable reference for the future propagation of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt, known as nonheading chinese cabbage in China, is an important vegetable in eastern Asia and its genetic improvement requires a genetic linkage map. The first genetic linkage map of nonheading chinese cabbage using 112 doubled haploid lines derived from a released F1 hybrid cultivar Shulü between two lines SW-3 and Su-124 was constructed in this paper. One hundred thirty-eight molecular markers were mapped into 14 linkage groups. Among these markers, there were 77 sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers, 27 simple sequence repeat markers, 21 random amplification polymorphic DNA markers, and 13 intersimple sequence repeat markers. Chi-square tests showed that 54 markers are distorted from Mendelian segregation ratios, and the direction of the distortion is mainly toward the maternal parent SW-3. The distortion affects not only the estimation of genetic distance, but also the order of distorted markers on a same linkage group. Given a specific marker order, the authors proposed a multipoint approach to correct the linkage map in an unbiased manner in an F2 population while considering distorted, dominant, and missing markers. A new method was used to correct the linkage map in the doubled haploid population mentioned earlier considering new, distorted, and missing markers. The total length of the corrected linkage map was 1923.75 cM, with an average marker spacing of 15.52 cM. The map will facilitate selective breeding and mapping of quantitative trait loci.