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- Author or Editor: Shimon Lavee x
- HortScience x
Abstract
The selection of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars goes back to early biblical times. The main objectives were high oil content and regional adaptability. Subsequently, olive cultivars were selected also on a size basis for table consumption. In the last hundred years, form and size of green table olives became even more important than their oil content, but still, the minimum oil content was not lower than 7 to 8% oil of fresh wt for green ripe fruit. Selection for low-oil-content olives has not been attempted in the past. However, with diet consciousness and increased awareness of public health, the development of low-oil-content olive, particularly for dietetic use is of interest. This release describes a new olive named ‘Kadesh’ with extrem ely low oil content, yield stability, and relatively easy rooting (1).
Several groups of chemicals were tested for their effect on grapevine bud dormancy. Single-node cuttings were treated with hydrogen cyanamide and several of its derivatives, the respiratory inhibitors DNOC and azide, the alcohols 2-chloro ethanol and ethanol alone or in combination with cyanamide, the peroxide H2O2, Various sulfhydryls, the heribicides 3-amino triazol and paraquat and two inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. Although in each of these groups were active dormancy breaking agents which could be related to defined pathways, it became clear that the activity of these chemicals is specific and only partialy dependent on the common chemical configuration. It seems that in most cases the degree of activity could be related to their relation with peroxide scavenging activity or level of oxidation in the bud tissue.
The performance of five cv. Souri selections designated as “clones” were compared in two consecutive plots for ≈20 years each and three additional ones for 18 years. Fruit morphology, yield, oil production, and tree growth were monitored. The major results are presented as mean values of five sequential “on” years as well as the characteristic production of young and mature trees. The DNA identity was determined using both simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The performance of two “clones,” SLO and SBU, showed stable diverse production characteristics and could be designated as defined clones, although no clear differences of the DNA between them or the other “clones” were apparent. Another “clone,” SGS, was also designated as a true clone as a result of both unique fruit morphology and DNA markers. The differences between the other “clones” were minute in fruit production morphology and oil production as well as on a DNA basis and their designation as being true clones is doubtful.