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During water stress, non-drought acclimated (NDA) rose plants had a lower leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (g), and net photosynthesis than drought acclimated (DA) plants. DA plants conserved water (lower g prior to water stress) which allowed for better maintenance of gas exchange and water relations than NDA plants during stress. Osmotic adjustment (lower Ψπ) occurred in DA plants which allowed for greater turgor than NDA plants during stress. DA leaves had decreased leaf sucrose and total soluble carbohydrates. Mycorrhizal (VAM) plants colonized with Glomus intraradices had higher relative growth rates, net assimilation rates and water use efficiency than noncolonized (NVAM) plants, regardless of stress. Root growth was greater in VAM plants, but there were no differences in shoot mass, leaf area and macro-elements (P, N, K, Ca, Mg) with NVAM plants. DA-VAM plants had higher sucrose and total soluble carbohydrates than DA-NVAM plants. DA enhanced mycorrhizal colonization. Any mycorrhizal enhancement of plant water relations was not attributable to higher leaf P or confounded by differences in plant transpirational surface.
Abstract
6-Benzyladenosine (6-BAR), 6-benzylamino-9-2-methylpurine (6-BMA) and 6 benzylamino-9-2-ethylpurine (6-BEA) applied to stems induced or promoted bulbil formation and development in Lilium species. The total number and weight of bulbils varied according to amount of cytokinin absorbed.
The Neem tree is of ornamental, revegetation, biomass and medicinal value. The compound azadirachtin, which is derived from Neem seeds, is commercially used for insecticidal properties. In a 2×2 factorial experiment, Neem seedlings were either colonized with the mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices or noninoculated and fertilized with full strength Long Ashton Mineral Solution at 11 or 22 ppm P. Mycorrhizal and P main effects were highly significant (p-value<0.001) with all growth parameters except R:S ratio. Mycorrhizal plants had greater leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight, shoot and root dry weight than noncolonized seedlings. The higher P (22 ppm) level plants had superior growth compared with low P plants. Leaf area and leaf dry weight were similar in mycorrhizal/low P plants and nonmycorrhizal/high P plants. These results suggest that mycorrhizal growth enhancement has important implications for Neem trees which are found in agriculturally poor soils in hot and arid regions.