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Abstract
In field tests conducted near Tifton, Georgia, soil fumigation with either a methyl bromide-chloropicrin mixture (67-33%, 480 kg/ha) or metham (748 liters/ha) decreased weed infestation and increased growth and marketable yields of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants, compared with pepper planted consecutively without fumigation. Alternate-year rotation of pepper with rye also reduced weed infestation and increased yield. Weed control accounted for 81% of marketable transplant yield. Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Doidge) Dows. overwintered in pepper debris incorporated fresh or dried. Bacterial spot occurred too erratically to permit any conclusions except that the methyl bromide-chloropicrin fumigation failed to provide any control.
Abstract
The Fourth Annual Tomato Transplant Research Workshop was held at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia, on December 1, 1966. The 52 participants came from 11 states and the District of Columbia, and represented various areas of research, production (canning industry and transplant growers), extension, regulatory, and administration. The research participants included horticulturists, plant physiologists, geneticists, plant pathologists, nematologists, soil scientists, and agricultural engineers. The main topics discussed during the workshop were disease and nematode control, and management practices needed to facilitate mechanization of the transplant harvest.
Abstract
Polyethylene mulched bed widths (28, 56, 84 and 112 cm) with methyl bromide-chloropicrin gas mixture (67-33%, 280 kg/ha) soil fumigation were evaluated in 2 tests for soil pest control and production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). In 2 other tests, methyl bromide-chloropicrin rates of 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg/ha applied under a 112-cm wide mulched bed were evaluated. Populations of root-knot nematodes, parasitic soil fungi, and root-gall indices decreased with increases in mulched bed width. All fumigation rates resulted in decreased populations of root-knot larvae, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani and root-gall indices compared with non-fumigated plots. In greenhouse tests, tomato seedlings emerged and survived best in potted soil from mulched plots with the widest bed and those treated with the highest rate of fumigant. Marketable tomato yields increased linearly with increased bed width in 1 test whereas yields were similar among treatments in the other tests.
Abstract
Six general-purpose fumigants applied by different methods were evaluated for control of the fungal-nematode complex on onion (Allium cepa L.) for transplant production. Most soil treatments improved plant vigor, size, uniformity, and yield, and these positive responses were correlated with reduced populations of soil-borne fungi and nematodes. Growth response and control of pathogens varied with the fumigant used and the method of application. Populations of Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. were reduced with methyl bromide, methyl bromide-chloropicrin mixture, chloropicrin, DD-MENCS (Vorlex), metham (748 liters/ha, drenched) and Bunema (drenched). Metham (748 liters/ha, drenched or drenched and incorporated) controlled Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn. Complete control of root-knot nematodes was obtained with methyl bromide and methyl bromide-chloropicrin mixture and nearly complete control with chloropicrin and DD-MENCS.
Abstract
The broadspectrum soil fumigants methyl bromide-chloropicrin (67-33%) gas mixture at 392 kg/ha, methyl bromide-chloropicrin (67-31%) gel at 246 kg/ha, DD-MENCS at 187 and 327 liters/ha, metham at 748 liters/ha, and the nematicides, phenamiphos at 9 kg/ha and ethylene dibromide (85%) at 56 liters/ha, were evaluated for soil pest control in vegetable transplant production. Methyl bromide-chloropicrin gas mixture and the 2 rates of DD-MENCS increased marketable transplant yields of pepper (Capsium annuum L.), tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) by 1,235%, 118%, and 29%, respectively, over that of the nontreated. These treatments also increased the fresh weights of plants, reduced populations of Pythium spp., Fusarium spp., plant parasitic nematodes, and weeds. Metham and methyl bromidechloropicrin gel were generally less effective than methyl bromide-chloropicrin gas or DD-MENCS. Neither phenamiphos nor ethylene dibromide reduced root-galls on tomato below detectable levels nor improved the marketable yield of the 3 crops. Fall fumigation provided several advantages over spring fumigation.