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Abstract
Starvation tests demonstrated that the purslane sawfly (Schizocerella pilicornis Holmgren) feeds only on common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and winter purslane (Montia perfoliata (Donn) Howell). Carbaryl, malathion, and Bacillus thuringiensis (insecticides) and DCPA, trifluralin, and nitrofen (herbicides) kill all sawfly larvae when applied directly to them and their food supply at field recommended rates. Chlorothalonil and maneb (fungicides) had little effect. Herbicides applied to soil with pupating sawflies had no effect on the pupae.
Abstract
Four herbicides formulated as slow release tablets were evaluated for weed control on container grown nursery crops. These included alachlor (2-chloro-2, '6'-diethyl-N-(methox-ymethyl) acetanilide), metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl) acetamide), oxadiazon (2-tertbutyl-4(2,4 dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-∆2-1,3,4-oxadiazoIin-one) and oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4 dipropyl-sulfanilamide). Metolachlor tablets at 40 Kg/ha exhibited 120 days of excellent weed control. Less injury was evident on border forsythia (Forsythia intermedia Zab. “Spectasbilis’) and cranberry cotoneaster (Cotoneaster apiculatux Rhed. & E.H. Wils) when herbicide applications were made using tablets in comparison to equivalent rates of granular material.
Abstract
Alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxyinethyl) acetanilide), chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid), naptalam (N-1-napthylphthalamic acid (2-N-1-naphthy) aminocarbaryl benzoic acid), and propachlor (2-chlor-N-isopropylacetanilide) incorporated into dicalcium phosphate and plaster of paris slow-release tablet formulations successfully controlled weeds for 16 weeks with no significant injury to cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid. ‘Royal Beauty’), euonymus [Euonymus fortunei (Tarcz.) Hand Mazz. ‘Emerald ’N Gold’], forsythia (Forsythia X intermedia Zab. ‘Spring Glory’), ind privet (Ligustrum X vicaryi, a hybrid between L. ovalifolium Hasst. ‘Aureum’ and L. vulgare L.). One tablet per container was applied, delivering 20 or 40 kg/ha active ingredient. Metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide) was incorporated in the tablet formulations to deliver a rate of 40 kg/ha active ingredient per tablet to evaluate area of weed control. Weed density was significantly reduced in containers treated with metolachlor tablets. An essentially weed-free area (7- to 8-cm radius) encompassing a single herbicide tablet was observed. Tablet formulations did not significantly differ in reduction of weed density in nursery containers.
Abstract
Dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid), ethalfluralin [N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine], napropamide (2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide), DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate), and a tank mixture of bensulide [O-O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl) benzenesulfonamide] plus naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) were evaluated for weed control and tolerance of yellow straightneck, crook neck, and zucchini summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). Throughout the growing season, napropamide was most injurious to all cultivars. Napropamide resulted in unacceptable injury to young seedlings, and generally reduced early and total yields. DCPA and ethalfluralin treatments were consistently nonphytotoxic. Broadleaf weed control was not acceptable with any treatment due to the lack of control of smallflower galinsoga (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.). Ethalfluralin and napropamide were very effective in controlling annual grasses.
Abstract
Granular and tablet formulations of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), alachlor (2-chloro-2’, 6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide) and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide) were evaluated for leaching characteristics in nursery containers. The tablet formulations generally controlled the release rate of the herbicides so leaching was not a major problem. Granular formulations of the same herbicides readily leached through the medium. EPTC did not release at a favorable rate from the tablet formulation.