Search Results
Abstract
Good broadleaf weed control was achieved in table beets (Beta vulgaris L.) with cycloate, CNP, pebulate, lenacil, pyrazon (preplant application = pre), IMC 3950, TCA + pyrazon and pebulate (preplant incorporation = ppi) followed by pyrazone (postplant incorporation = post), while fair to good weed control was achieved with EPTC, propachlor and solubor. Poor weed control was obtained from CDEC, chlorpropham, pyrazon (post) and TCA. Yields expressed as $/ha or tons/ha were reduced by chlorpropham, lenacil, CNP and TCA. Nitrate-N was significantly increased in blades of beets by lenacil, pyrazon (pre) and CNP. The herbicides cyloate, CNP, EPTC, pebulate (ppi) — pyrazon (post), and TCA + pyrazon increased NO3-N concentrations in petioles. TCA + pyrazon and CNP increased NO3-N in beet roots, while CDEC, chlorpropham, solubor and pyrazon (post) decreased NO3-N. Total N concentration in the leaf blades was not affected by any of the herbicide treatments. Total N in petioles increased when TCA, chlorpropham, lenacil and CNP were used. TCA, chlorpropham, lenacil and CNP increased root total N.
Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) was applied at 0, 570, 1000 and 2000 ppm to muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Mich. cv. Hunt), 1, 2, or 3 days before once-over harvest. All ethephon treatments increased berry abscission and reduced skin tear due to harvest when berries were harvested 2 days or 3 days after spraying. Delaying harvest to 3 days after treatment with 2000 ppm ethephon increased berry abscission to 46% and reduced skin tear to 9% in 1977. In 1978, 2000 ppm of ethephon increased berry abscission to 29% and reduced skin rupture to 29%. Taste panels could not detect flavor difference from the ethephon treatments.
Abstract
Cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) responded differently when (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) was applied at 300 ppm in the transplant stage. The amount of stem root proliferation and the length of these roots were the largest on ‘Ohio 7663’ transplants. ‘Heinz 2653’, ‘Libby 2981’, ‘Heinz 414’, ‘Knox’ and ‘Campbell 28’ showed major stem root proliferation from ethephon, whereas ‘Peto 80’, ‘Campbell 37’, ‘Hunt 62’, and ‘Hunt 208 F’ had a very small amount of stem root proliferation. The average stem diameter for the 18 cultivars treated with ethephon increased from 0.50 to 0.63 cm in 21 days.
Abstract
(2-ChloroethyI)phosphonic acid (ethephon) spray on tomato transplants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) 12 days prior to pulling resulted in partial protection of the plants from frost injury after transplanting. Cultivars of tomato responded differently both to the degree of frost damage even if not treated with ethephon and to the level of protection by ethephon. ‘Heinz 1630’ was most tolerant to frost while ‘Ohio 7663’, ‘Hunts 304’, ‘Libby 7241’, and ‘Chico III’ were most susceptible. The transplants with thicker stems (>4.5 mm) generally had a better survival rate than thin-stemmed (<4.5 mm) transplants.
Abstract
Activated charcoal was applied as a spot treatment on soil surface over the seed of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai, cv. Charleston Gray]. Planting and charcoal application were done simultaneously with specially developed equipment. Activated charcoal at 358 kg/ha fully protected watermelon from terbacil (1.12 kg/ha) injury but provided only partial protection from atrazine (2.24 kg/ha) injury. Spot application of activated charcoal did not result in decreased weed control.
Abstract
Ethephon at 300 μg/liter when applied at the transplant stage (5 to 7 leaves) abscised and/or aborted flowers of 20 tomato cultivars studied. However, differential cultivar response was observed when adventitious root proliferation and regeneration were studied. ‘Ohio 7663’, ‘Campbell 28’, ‘Libby 7241’, and ‘Heinz 1706’ showed extensive stem root growth, whereas ‘Heinz 727’, ‘Peto 80’ and ‘Libby 8990-A’ had small amounts of stem roots. Ethephon treatment increased stem-root regeneration from 17.9 to 40.2 roots/plant, root length from 5.2 cm to 9.4 cm and length of the stem with roots from 7.7 to 11.0 cm; whereas, ethephon reduced flowers/plant from 1.3 to 0.6 and fruit/plant from 0.5 to 0.0.
Abstract
Alachlor [2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy-N,N-diethylpropionamide], oryzalin [3,5-dinitro-N 4, N4 -dipropylsulfanilamide], oxa-diazon [2-terr-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-∆2-l,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one], each at 2.2, 4.5, 9.0 and 17.9 kg/ha, oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoro-methyl) benzene] at 1.1, 2.2, 4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha and prodiamine [2,4-dinitro-N 3, N3 -dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-l,3-benzenediamine] at 4.5, 9.0 and 13.4 kg/ha were evaluated for weed control and phytotoxicity in container-grown azaleas, Rhododendron indicum (L.) Sweet. ‘Formosa’ and Rhododendron obtusion (Lindl.) Planch. ‘Coral Bells’. All herbicides at all but the lowest rates effectively controlled grasses and broadleaved weeds. All herbicides at 9.0 kg/ha or higher rates were phytotoxic to these azaleas and restricted growth, root development and marketability. ‘Coral Bells’ was more susceptible to herbicide treatments than ‘Formosa’. Both azaleas were highly susceptible to oxyfluorfen.
Abstract
Reciprocal bud grafts were made over various time periods from 0 to 48 hours between (2 chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon)-treated and non-treated monoecious cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) to determine the persistence of ethephon to induce pistillate (female) flowering. Ethephon had no influence on sex expression in stocks if treated scions were grafted onto non-treated stocks. If rootstocks were treated with 250 ppm ethephon in the 2-leaf stage, femaleness was increased in plants grafted within 8 hours. After that, ethephon had essentially no effect on sex expression. The number of leaves (2, 4, 6, or 8) present at the time of application did not improve the effectiveness of ethphon in promoting femaleness when grafts were made 48 hours after application.
Abstract
Preplant tillage treatments influenced growth and yield of turnip greens (Brassica campestris L. Rapifera group). Yields in response to moldboard plow, subsoil-bed and subsoil-plant treatments were not significantly different on either Tifton sandy loam or Lakeland sand. Yields with the above tillage treatments were significantly greater than with disc treatments on Lakeland sand. However, on Tifton sandy loam, only moldboard plow treatment resulted in higher yields than with disc treatments. Plants with higher top fresh and dry weights were obtained with moldboard plow treatment on Tifton sandy loam but not on Lakeland sand. Disc treatment increased soil strength and decreased root length.
Abstract
Disc tillage of turnip greens (Brassica campestris L. Rapifera group) caused an abrupt increase in soil strength below tillage depth, which in turn prevented turnip root penetration. Soil strength of 85 N/cm2 on Lakeland sand and 100 N/cm2 on Tifton sandy loam prevented penetration of turnip roots. In general, root fresh and dry weights were unaffected by tillage treatments. Turnip root growth with the disc treatment was shallow, whereas turnips grown with subsoil-bed and subsoil-plant tillages developed deeper root systems. Balanced downward and horizontal turnip root systems were developed with mold-board plow preplant tillage.