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- Author or Editor: Roysell J. Constantin x
Abstract
Sweet potatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] grown on azide treated soils, with or without the addition of other herbicidal treatments, were similar in quality and yield as those grown on untreated soil in all experiments except one. During 1972-75 no differences were observed in yield, dry matter, protein, fiber and carotenoid contents, firmness, percent splitting of the canned roots, and baking quality. During 1976 azide treatments in the intermediate range resulted in increased yield of U.S. No. 2 grade roots over the control. The heavier application of azide resulted in an increase in carotenoid content and percentage of split sweet potatoes after canning. All other quality variables, grade and yield were similar to the control during the 1976 season. Data in general show no adverse effects on quality or yield of sweet potatoes as a result of azide soil treatments when applied alone or in combination with other herbicides.
Abstract
Over a 7-year period, bromacil and terbacil herbicides significantly increased yield and fruit size of ‘Owari’ satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcovitch) and ‘Washington’ navel oranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. Increased fruit size was associated with increased peel thickness.
Soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH and juice content were not altered by use of herbicides for weed control, but increases in solids/acid ratios resulted. During 1969 and 1971, bromacil improved peel color of navel oranges and both herbicides increased peel color of satsumas. In 1971, herbicides did not affect juice color.
Abstract
Sodium azide (NaN3) applied at 134.4 kg/ha as a soil fumigant did not drastically alter the quality of vegetable root crops grown on treated soil. Azide soil treatment had no influence on quality of beets (Beta vulgaris L.) or potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Differences were noted in quality of turnips (Brassica rapa L.) during 1976; however, no differences were found during the 1977 growing season at 2 locations. Azide soil treatments resulted in differences in quality of carrots (Daucus carota L.). Some differences that occurred were beneficial such as increased size and carotenoid content of carrots.
Abstract
Fruit production of ‘Owari’ satsuma mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on 16 rootstocks was best on Argentina, Christiansen, Benecke, and English Small trifoliate oranges (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) and Carrizo citrange (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. × C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck). The lowest yielding trees were on Rusk citrange and English Large trifoliate. Navel orange on Rubidoux trifoliate, Troyer, Carrizo and Uvalde citranges were more productive than trees on Rusk or Citremon C46216 (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus limon (L.)). Satsuma and navel on Troyer and Carrizo citranges produced the heaviest fruit. Fruit weight and production were not always correlated. In general, the larger fruit had thicker rinds. Satsuma on Rubidoux, Christiansen, Norton and Carrizo had darker orange colored rinds; whereas those on Troyer were much greener in color. Navel orange on Rubidoux had the better rind color. Rootstocks had no influence on juice color of navels or satsumas. Fruit from navel orange trees on Rusk had the highest solids/acid ratio of the navel oranges. Satsuma on Rubidoux had the highest juice percentage, those on English Large had the highest soluble solids and titratable acidity. Satsuma and navel orange trees on citrange rootstocks, with the exception of Rusk, were larger than those on trifoliate oranges. However, trees on citranges had less cold hardiness than on trifoliates.
Abstract
Potassium applications from 0 to 140 kg/ha at 4 locations had more influence on quality of sweet potatoes than P applications of 0 to 73.9 kg/ha as an average of years and locations. As the rate of K but not P applications increased, percent dry matter decreased. K and P applications reduced protein content and firmness of canned roots. K slightly increased the crude fiber content (dry wt basis) of the roots, whereas P applications had no affect on fiber content. K and P fertilization had no influence on carotenoid content (fresh or processed), percent splitting of canned roots, or crude fiber content (fresh weight basis). Year and location effects were noted for some of the quality variables studied. Most of the differences observed were of low magnitude, thus had little effect on the overall quality of sweet potatoes. The most outstanding effect was the reduction in dry matter content due to K applications.
Abstract
Whenever supplemental irrigation was applied to sweet potatoes, root quality was reduced. Dry matter content, color of both fresh and processed sweet potatoes, firmness of the canned product, and percent protein decreased as the moisture content of the soil increased. Moisture content had little or no influence on fiber content or cortex thickness of fleshy roots.
Nitrogen levels also influenced quality factors. As N levels increased there was a reduction in flesh color and increases in protein content and firmness of the canned potatoes. Nitrogen had little effect on fiber content, dry matter content or cortex thickness.
Yearly variations occurred for dry matter content, fiber content, firmness of the canned product and flesh color.
Abstract
Processing studies during 3 years showed that an acceptable canned product could be produced from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). The main problem encountered was fruit discoloration that occurred during peeling and upon exposure to air after slicing.
Eggplant fruit can be lye peeled, then sliced or diced. Blanching in boiling water or 1% citric acid was necessary to prevent development of brownish discoloration, and also to reduce bitter and astringent components. Green fruited cultivars discolored less than purple pigmented cultivars, thus producing a lighter colored, more desirable canned product. Blanching did not significantly soften the canned product. The product was soft, but held its shape and could be substituted for boiled eggplant in receipes. Once opened, canned eggplant discolored upon standing, but the reaction could be reversed by the addition of citric acid suggesting that discoloration could be controlled by lowering pH of the product.
Abstract
‘Centennial’ and ‘L4-89’ cultivars of sweet potatoes grown in soil with a pH of 4.4–5.1 had a higher dry matter content than when grown in soil with a pH of 5.3–6.0 or 6.4–7.2. Soil pH had no influence on dry matter content of ‘L4-186’. Soil pH did influence firmness of the canned product; however, cultivar differences occurred. ‘L4-89’ when grown on soil with a pH of 4.4–5.1 had firmer roots than when grown at higher soil pH. Firmness of ‘L-186’ was not affected by soil pH. Roots from ‘Centennial’ grown at the higher soil pH in combination with fertilizer were softer after canning; however, without fertilizer, roots from the intermediate soil pH were the firmest. Carotenoid content (flesh color) of either fresh or processed roots was not affected by varying soil pH. Varying soil pH had a slight influence on fiber content of ‘Centennial’ but no effect on fiber content of ‘L4-89’ and ‘L4-186’. Protein content and splitting of canned roots were not greatly affected by varying the pH of the soil.
The addition of fertilizer to the soil pH plots resulted in a lowering of dry matter content and softer canned roots of ‘Centennial’; however, the reverse was true for ‘L4-89’.
Carotenoid content and splitting of canned roots were not affected by the addition of fertilizer to the soil pH plots. Fiber content was lowered in ‘Centennial’ (fresh wt. basis) and in ‘L4-186’ (dry wt. basis) by the addition of fertilizer to the soil. Roots grown in plots receiving fertilizer were higher in protein content than those grown without fertilization.
Abstract
Supplemental subsurface irrigation resulted in increased yield and fruit size of ‘Washington’ navel and ‘Owari’ satsuma oranges. The larger fruit size, as a result of irrigation, induced a slight but significant increase in peel thickness. Supplemental moisture resulted in a reduction in juice content of ‘Owari’ satsuma. With ‘Washington’ navels irrigation increased juice content, or was equal to the control, in 4 out of 6 years. Irrigation did not greatly influence pH, percent soluble solids or solids/acid ratio of the juice. Two years results showed that irrigation did not affect peel color of ‘Washington’ navels. In 1973 irrigation had no effect on juice color of both types of oranges.
Abstract
‘Eureka’, a soil rot-resistant, high-quality sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) formerly tested under the designation of L4-131, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station and is jointly released by Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station and the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station.