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The banning of synthetic fungicides for postharvest use on fruits in Canada has prompted a search for alternative control strategies for postharvest brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Thymol and carvacrol were the two most potent fungicides among the monoterpenoids tested. The brown rot incidences of M. fructicola-inoculated cherry dipped in 1000 μg·mL-1 thymol and carvacrol were 24% and 23%, respectively, compared with 81% for the control. The effects of thymol and carvacrol were not significantly enhanced by the addition of CaCl2 or CaB'y®, a foliar calcium fertilizer. Decco® 282 significantly reduced the activity of thymol. Methyl jasmonate, an elicitor of plant defense mechanisms, did not reduce brown rot by itself, and did not increase the efficacy of thymol and carvacrol when used as an additive in dipping or fumigation experiments. Thymol and carvacrol caused stem browning of cherry fruits in the fumigation experiment, however, 69% and 73%, respectively, of the browning was prevented when methyl jasmonate was used as a co-fumigant. Chemical names used: 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)phenol (thymol); 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)phenol (carvacrol); methyl 3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentane acetate (methyl jasmonate).
Eighteen strawberry genotypes were evaluated for their phenolic content and antioxidant capacity using several methods. High antioxidant capacity was found for `Harmonie', `Saint-Jean d'Orléans', and `Saint-Laurent d'Orléans', which were reported to have better shelf life than `Kent'. `Harmonie', `Saint-Jean d'Orléans', `Orléans', and some advanced selections had higher hydroxycinnamic acids, benzoic acids, and flavonols than `Kent'. The significant variation in antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds clearly shows the potential value of certain new cultivars and advanced lines as parents in a breeding program. The future plan is to examine individual antioxidant and their role in disease resistance and extension of shelf life and to use selected genotypes as parents to developed new lines.