Search Results
Abstract
Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was applied to 10-year-old ‘Concord’ grapevine trunks at 0, 2, 4, and 8% concentrations. Best control of shoots on trunks was obtained with the 4 and 8% concentrations with no visual foliar injury or detrimental effects on yield, vine size, or fruit quality. One application of NAA at 8% reduced the number of trunk shoots for 3 years, but 100% control was obtained only in the year of application.
Abstract
Ten flowering annuals were greenhouse-grown and irrigated with four levels of saline water [electrical conductivities (EC) = 0.8, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 dS·m−1] to determine their response to increased salinization. Twelve different parameters were monitored at the end of an 8-week period. All 10 species differed in their response to salinization. The relative number of flowers and the relative maximum flower diameter at harvest decreased significantly for six of ten and seven of nine species, respectively, with increased salinity. A salt tolerance scale was devised that best described their response to salinity. The parameters selected were dry weight, plant height, number of flowers, and maximum flower diameter. Cosmos (Cosmos bipinatus Cav. ‘Sunny Gold’) was rated very sensitive for all four parameters. Following Cosmos, the rating changed and so did the sequence, depending on the parameter being considered. Both petunias (Petunia hybrida Linn. ‘White Cascade’ and ‘Challenger White’) and dianthus (Dianthus chinensis Linn. ‘Princess White’) were the only species rated very tolerant for all four parameters.
Abstract
Firm-fruited strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) for processing can be mechanically harvested, properly handled and then held for up to 48 hours at 24°C for 7 days at 1.7° without excessive quality loss. High mold count and a reduction in other quality attributes occur after 96 hours at 24°. Ripe fruit held for 48 hours at 24° and then processed was acceptable to a sensory panel. The effects of overwrapping appeared to be limited to quality changes associated with dessication. Benomyl treatment had a suppressing effect on mold count and reduced loss of soluble solids.
Abstract
Retaining more fruiting nodes/vine increased yield, but reduced fruit quality in ‘Concord’ grape (Vitis labrusca L.). Geneva double curtain (GDC) training produced more fruit with better quality than a single wire cordon training system. Positioning the current season’s growth vertically toward the vineyard floor increased yields of vines pruned to short (3-node) spurs. Yield was increased by shoot positioning the season after performing the operation, however, fruit quality was improved during the season that vines were shoot positioned. Pruning vines to 6- or 9-node canes increased yield without a sacrifice of fruit quality as compared to 3-node spurs and reduced the yield increasing potential of shoot positioning. Use of longer canes, GDC training, and shoot positioning grapevines in Arkansas may allow less severe pruning than the currently recommended 30+10 pruning schedule to increase yield without a loss in fruit quality. Pruning weights were generally reduced by treatments which increased yield.
Abstract
Fruits were collected on weekly intervals in 1980, beginning at fruit set (ovary shatter) and continuing through harvest. Additional samples collected at harvest in 1980 and veraison in 1981 were sorted into preveraison green, postveraison green, and ripening categories. Seed number per berry was directly related to accumulation of 14C-photosynthate, fresh weight, and dry weight. Seed number had little relationship with berry content of indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) or percentage of acidity. Percentage of soluble solids was not affected by seed number prior to veraison, but after veraison, percentage of soluble solids and intensity of juice color were inversely related to seed number. Nonripe fruit at the time of harvest had fewer seeds per berry, and fruit containing an immature seed did not accumulate ABA or enter veraison. IAA levels were similar in ripening and nonripening fruit. IAA declined to basal levels by about 55 days after peak bloom. ABA began to increase after 65 days from peak bloom and berry changes associated with veraison occurred after 72 days.
Abstract
Single and split applications of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at different concentrations to ‘Concord’ grapes(Vitis labrusca L.)did not influence maturation. When ethephon was applied 8 days prior to harvest, abscission was enhanced and postharvest alcohol accumulation was reduced when fruit was shaken from the vine and held at 30°C for up to 24 hours.
Abstract
A site was prepared with 2 distinctly different soil depths and a vineyard of ‘Concord’ grapes (Vitis labrusca L.) was established with in-row spacings of 1.52, 1.83, 2.13, 2.44, and 3.05 m. Wider in-row vine spacings resulted in increased vine yields on deeper soils to the point that yields per meter of cordon and per hectare were not reduced; but yield per meter of cordon and per hectare was reduced on the shallow soil when in row vine spacings exceeded 2.44 m. There were few effects on juice quality from either soil depths or in-row vine spacings.