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Abstract
Harvesting mature-green tomatoesis common practice where they are grown commercially for the fresh market. Usually, the tomato fields are picked 4 to 6 times in a season, as the most mature fruits on the vine reach the mature-green stage. If mechanical harvesting becomes a reality for fresh market tomatoes, a once-over harvest will probably be used instead of the usual multiple pick. Yields will then be limited by the number of fruits mature enough at a given time to ripen off-vine and meet market standards for color. It will be imperative to grow a variety that has a concentrated set and whose fruits have good ripening ability when harvested prematurely.
Abstract
‘Canadice’ (Fig. 1) has been released by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station to fill the need for seedless grapes well adapted to the growing conditions in the viticultural areas of northeastern North America. It is the first of the “second generation” seedless grapes to be released from the Geneva grape breeding program. Previously, 5 seedless cultivars have been released from Geneva, all the result of crosses in which one parent is a winter tender cultivar of Vitis vinifera L. (2). They are at best somewhat susceptible to winter injury. ‘Canadice’ was produced from a cross between one of the Geneva seedless cultivars with another cultivar well adapted to the growing conditions of the northeast.
Abstract
A major objective of the grape breeding program at Geneva has been to combine the seedless character available in certain grapes of Mediterranean origin with the winter cold hardiness and disease resistance of grapes of American origin so that the resulting progeny will be suited to the growing conditions of northeastern North America. From this program, 4 white and 1 red seedless (steno-spermocarpic) cultivars have been released and planted widely (2). There has been considerable demand for a blue, seedless grape similar to those already released. ‘Glenora’ meets this demand.
Since the late 19th century when grape breeding began at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, a major goal has been to combine certain fruit attributes of Vitis vinifera L. table grapes, such as seedlessness, crisp texture and adherent skin, with some of the vegetative characters of native American hybrid (V. labruscana, Bailey) grape cultivars such as disease resistance and winter cold hardiness. Crisp texture has been one of the more elusive goals. Of the 42 table grape cultivars released by the Experiment Station (2), only one seeded cultivar, ‘Alden’, combines an adherent skin and crisp texture. ‘Remaily Seedless’ combines seedlessness (stenospermocarpy), an adherent skin and crisp berry texture with adaptive traits favorable to northeastern North American viticulture.
Abstract
‘Einset Seedless’ is an early maturing, red, seedless table grape (Fig. 1) released by the Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N.Y. It follows the previous release (2) of 43 table grape and 2 wine grape cultivars since the onset of grape breeding at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in the late 19th century.
Abstract
‘Melody’ is a late midseason, white wine grape (Fig. 1) which produces a vinifera-type wine with varietal character. In addition, ‘Melody’ does not require cluster thinning and is moderately resistant to powdery mildew [Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr.]. It is the 3rd wine grape cultivar to be named by the Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, N.Y., and follows the release of ‘Cayuga White’ (1) and ‘Horizon’ (2). It is the first in a series of wine grape releases from this station to be given a name with a musical theme.
In the mid-1980s, a statewide educational program was initiated to help improve productivity in replanted apple orchards. This effort began with a study of the background of the problem in Washington and an assessment of the problems growers faced when replanting orchards. An array of potential limiting factors were identified-most important, specific apple replant disease (SARD)-but also low soil pH, poor irrigation practices, arsenic (As) spray residues in the soil, soil compaction, nematodes, nutrient deficiencies, and selection of the appropriate orchard system. The educational program was delivered using a variety of methods to reach audience members with different learning styles and to provide various levels of technical information, focusing on ways to correct all limiting factors in replant situations. Results have been: Acceptance of soil fumigation as a management tool: increased recognition of soil physical, chemical, and moisture problems; reduced reliance on seedling rootstock, and an increase in the use of dwarfing, precocious understocks; and better apple tree growth and production in old apple orchard soils.