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Abstract
Major programs of crop improvement through breeding include the development of germ plasm resistant to diseases. Cantaloup improvement is no exception and control of diseases through resistance has been highly successful in this crop during the last half century (5). However, minor diseases, and new ones, frequently become major menaces to production through radical changes in environment and in crop management practices, and also through the introduction of crops that harbor the pathogens or vectors.
Abstract
Until the late 1950's, the U.S. spinach industry was not a highly viable one. Cultivars were mostly of European origin, low yielding and susceptible to the internationally important downy mildew disease. Because of the uncertain future of the spinach industry, seed companies in the U.S. were not progressing toward a competitive position with seed suppliers in Europe.
Abstract
‘Keystone Resistant Giant’ and ‘Hungarian Yellow Wax Hot’ peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.), which were clipped 6 and 12 days before transplant harvest in southern U. S. fields, yielded as well as non-clipped plants. In general, pepper plants clipped 12 days prior to transplant harvest produced the best results and frequently gave significantly higher yields than the non-clipped plants. The clipping technique can be used to regulate transplant size, and transplant harvest schedules without adversely affecting fruit yield, provided the transplants are free of infectious diseases.
Abstract
The 4 hot peppers from India ‘Pant C-1’, ‘KAU Cluster’ (Capsicum annuum L.), ‘White Khandari’, and ‘Chuna’ (C. frutescens L.) were evaluated along with 6 United States cultivars for their reaction to Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith (races 1 and 2), Phytophthora capsici Leonian, and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood. The Indian ‘Pant C-1’ was resistant to 4 Pseudomonas solanacearum isolates and moderately resistant to Phytophthora root rot and root-knot nematode. The breeding line ‘White Khandari’ was resistant to 3 isolates of the bacterium and root-knot nematode and moderately resistant to Phytophthora root rot. These Indian pepper lines could be an additional source in multiple disease-resistant breeding programs. Multiple disease resistance and good horticultural characteristics make ‘Pant C-1’ an excellent source of these resistances.
Abstract
Mason, Henneberry, and Lehr (1) and Stoner and Mason (2, 3) reported differences in the resistance of tomato varieties to Drosophila melanogaster. They compared varieties representing a wide sample of those developed and grown commercially in the United States in recent years. Their tests included varieties with large and small fruits, round and paste types, those adapted for hand and machine-harvesting, and those used for processing and fresh market.
Abstract
The potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) is a common insect pest of tomatoes. This insect damages the plants by sucking the sap from the leaves and by transmitting plant viruses The severity of aphid infestations on tomatoes varies from season to season and within a season. They are generally most severe during periods of cool weather.
Abstract
The Fourth Annual Tomato Transplant Research Workshop was held at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia, on December 1, 1966. The 52 participants came from 11 states and the District of Columbia, and represented various areas of research, production (canning industry and transplant growers), extension, regulatory, and administration. The research participants included horticulturists, plant physiologists, geneticists, plant pathologists, nematologists, soil scientists, and agricultural engineers. The main topics discussed during the workshop were disease and nematode control, and management practices needed to facilitate mechanization of the transplant harvest.
Abstract
The performance of H-1350, H-1409, C-17, ‘Fireball’, and ‘Roma’ tomato transplants that received different clipping treatments at Tifton, Georgia, were evaluated at Lafayette, Indiana, and the Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Maryland. Field-grown transplants were either left unclipped, control clipped (1 inch of growth was removed but the terminal bud was left intact), or moderately clipped (the terminal bud and flower cluster were removed).
Moderately clipped transplants of all 5 cultivars performed as well as non-clipped plants, but usable fruit yield was reduced by control clipping. At New Brunswick, New Jersey, fruit yields of the C-17 transplants moderately clipped at various intervals were reduced. In view of the other 2 tests and other recently published reports, moderate clipping appeared to have little effect on fruit yields in northern production areas.
Abstract
The effects of growth retardant succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) on tomato transplants were evaluated in 9 field experiments. Two or more applications of 5,000 ppm of SADH at the seedling stage offers promise in scheduling tomato harvest by decreasing early yield.