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The most popular Ficus for interior conditions is F. benjamina, which has many clonal selections but still drops its foliage too readily. We compared 4- to 5-foot-tall, shade-grown plants of F. nemoralis, F celebensis, F. binnendykii `Alii,' F. oblongifolia (?), and a selection of F. benjamina thought to be `Gulfstream' with F. benjamina `Exotica' that were transferred to the Hamilton Library of the Univ. Hawaii after 14 weeks under 50%, 65%, or 85% Saran shade. During a 9-week evaluation period, new growth, leaf drop, and photosynthesis were determined. Little new growth developed on any plants during the evaluation period in the library. Leaf loss was greatest for F. benjamina `Exotica,' followed by F. celebensis, while the other four species suffered little leaf loss. Leaf loss was greater for plants grown under 50% shade than for 80% shade, while leaf loss from plants produced under 65% shade was either greater or less than 80% shade, depending on species. Leaf loss was greater in low light sites (13.6 μM/m2 per s) than in medium conditions (20 μM/m2 per s) or near windows (29 μM/m2 pers). After the observation period, the plants were to be removed, but library staff asked to retain many plants as they liked the improved atmosphere the plants gave their office and library settings. Most popular for retention were F. binnendykii`Alii,' F. benjamina `Gulfstream,' and F. benjamina `Exotica,' which still looked good despite its high foliage loss initially. The weeping habits of F. nemoralis and F. oblongifolia (?) were not as desirable because of the space they required, although they are performing well after nearly 12 months in the library. F. celebensis, despite its attractive growth habit and foliage, was a disappointment as it lost many leaves and, over 12 months, developed chlorosis and exudation problems.
Abstract
Seed extracts of a number of fresh market cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculen-tum Mill.) were subjected to starch gel electrophoresis and stained for alcohol dehydrogenase activity to investigate the possibility of utilizing allozymic variation to determine genetic purity of F1 hybrids. Of the varieties tested 46% proved amenable to the test. This method offers a practical and rapid means of estimating seed contamination frequencies in commercial seed lots as well as distinguishing hybrids from parental lines in the field.
Abstract
F1 hybrids between high sugar and acid lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were rated higher in sweetness, ‘tomato-like’, and overall flavor intensity than the high-acid parent common to the crosses. Titratable acidity and soluble solids content were responsible for most of the observed differences in sweetness. The results indicate that improved tomato flavor can be achieved by genetically enhancing sugar and acid content. Rapid gains in flavor quality might be achieved in horticulturally acceptable types through F1 hybrids.
Abstract
‘Sierra Sweet’ is an attractive, fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) developed for high soluble-solids content in ripe fruit, an important contributor to tomato flavor. ‘Sierra Sweet’ has value as a germplasm source for enhanced soluble solids and multiple disease resistance as well as a parent in the production of commercial hybrids.
Abstract
‘Garden Sunshine’ is an attractive, tobacco mosaic virus-resistant, bell type (sweet) pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) with lemon-yellow immature fruit which ripen to a bright red color. It is adapted to California growing conditions, and was developed as a unique home garden type. ‘Garden Sunshine’ fruits have improved flavor and canning attributes.
Three broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) cultivars (Baccus, Packman, and Southern Comet) were grown for 14, 24, or 34 days at 22/18C (day/night) in a greenhouse. Then plants were moved to growth chambers where temperatures were maintained at 26/22, 30/26, or 34/30C and were grown for 1, 2, or 3 weeks before returning them to the greenhouse. A1 varieties when exposed to high temperatures developed smaller heads Packman when exposed to high temperatures resulted in a reduction in uniformity. Other cultivars were not effected. Lack of openness, an important marketable characteristic was reduced by high temperatures. However, Baccus at 34 days old was not effected by the heat. We would expect this response since this is the head development stage and cultivar is heat tolerant. Plant exposed to high temperatures developed heads earlier when held for 3 weeks. When plants were held at 36/30C for 3 weeks, the largest reduction in plant growth was recorded. However, all plants showed a reduction in growth when exposed to high temperatures.
Three broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) cultivars (Baccus, Packman, and Southern Comet) were grown for 14, 24, or 34 days at 22/18C (day/night) in a greenhouse. Then plants were moved to growth chambers where temperatures were maintained at 26/22, 30/26, or 34/30C and were grown for 1, 2, or 3 weeks before returning them to the greenhouse. A1 varieties when exposed to high temperatures developed smaller heads Packman when exposed to high temperatures resulted in a reduction in uniformity. Other cultivars were not effected. Lack of openness, an important marketable characteristic was reduced by high temperatures. However, Baccus at 34 days old was not effected by the heat. We would expect this response since this is the head development stage and cultivar is heat tolerant. Plant exposed to high temperatures developed heads earlier when held for 3 weeks. When plants were held at 36/30C for 3 weeks, the largest reduction in plant growth was recorded. However, all plants showed a reduction in growth when exposed to high temperatures.
Abstract
Soils, and leaf and fruit tissues were collected from 200 peach orchard sites during the 1970 growing season. Results obtained were not markedly different from those obtained in an earlier survey in 1962. Most of the soils were quite acid and the peach leaf N levels were below optimum. Most growers appeared to be overfertilizing with P but applying adequate K. Peach fruit were quite high in K, accounting for a sizeable removal of K from the soil.
Flow cytometry (FC) has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to estimate nuclear DNA content (genome size) in quantifiable units useful for genetic and molecular biology studies. This method also makes possible determination of the variation in nuclear DNA content between related taxa, which gives insights into the process of speciation. In this study, DNA content was determined in nuclei isolated from leaves of 21 Dendrobium species representing each of the major taxonomic groups used in the Univ. of Hawaii breeding program. Nuclei were mechanically isolated, stained with the nucleic acid-specific fluorochrom propidium iodide, and DNA content determined using a Coulter Epics 753 laser flow cytometer. Chicken erythrocyte nuclei (2C = 2.33 pg DNA) were used as an internal standard for direct comparative measurement. The mean diploid genome (2C) values for Dendrobium species ranged from 3.36 to 5.06 pg. Genome sizes were evaluated for possible use as discrete characters for taxonomic group assignment and compared to previous data on breeding compatibility and evolutionary relationship between species.
Abstract
‘Royal Red Cherry’ and ‘Short Red Cherry’ are indeterminate, fruitful and multiple disease resistant tomato cultivars. ‘Royal Red Cherry’ is similar to ‘Large Red Cherry’ and ‘Jumbo Cherry’ in fruit size and quality, but is a more prolific yielder. ‘Short Red Cherry’ has a more compact vine type that is based on the brachytic (br) gene and it is most desirable for the patio, container gardener. ‘Short Red Cherry’ is generally earlier in production pattern than ‘Royal Red Cherry’.