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Abstract
The glucosinolates (GSs) were estimated in the normally eaten portions of 72 cultivars of Oriental brassica vegetables including mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.), Chinese kale (B. oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Bail.), Chinese cabbage (B. rapa L. Pekinensis Group Bail.), pak choy (B. rapa Chinensis Group Bail.), tendergreen (B. rapa Perviridis Group Bail.), turnip (B. rapa L. Rapifera Group Bail., B. narinosa Bail., and B. nipposinica Bail.). Variation in GS profiles was complex. There was variation in percentages of major GSs and total GS among B. juncea, B. oleracea, and the combination B. rapa plus narinosa and nipposinica and among four subspecific groups of rapa plus the two species closely related to rapa: narinosa and nipposinica. B. juncea had distinctively high proportions of allyl-GS, ranging from 81% to 94%, whereas B. oleracea had distinctively high proportions of 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-GS, ranging from 9% to 68%. Differences in GS profiles among the rapa groups, narinosa and nipposinica, were less distinctive. Cultivars of pak choy from China differed in percentages of three minor GSs from cultivars from Japan and elsewhere. There was also variation among cultivars of Chinese kale and between turnip foliage and roots.
We held a technology session at the 2016 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Science in Atlanta, GA, to provide guidance for technology choices in extension education and an opportunity to learn more about engaging new audiences, including the millennial generation (people born between 1982 and 2000). The use of technology is now an integral part of extension-client interaction. Presenters in the session gave examples of when technologies such as blogs, social media accounts, or web conferencing tools allowed extension personnel to increase engagement with online consumers and ultimately help fulfill extension’s mission of extending knowledge and changing lives. Effective engagement requires both educators and learners to be satisfied with the exchange. It is critical to monitor the quality of these digitally facilitated exchanges as compared with traditional face-to-face interactions. Additionally, it is possible to quantify digital engagement with readily available metrics, such as “retweets” (a reposted or forwarded message) or “likes” (indication an item is appreciated). These allow innovative and substantive reporting to further justify continued use of digital technologies for enhancing client-extension relations.