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Interspecific hybridization between Phaseolus vulgaris and P. coccineus results in mature seeds or abnormal embryo formation depending on the direction of the cross. In addition, differential fertility and reversion to parental types occur in later progeny populations, accompanied by recurrence of various embryo types. Normal and abnormal embryos exhibited isozyme patterns resembling P. vulgaris and P. coccineus parents respectively, suggesting that developmental abnormalities may be associated with specific combinations of parental genes. RFLP between parental species was examined and probes were selected for analyses of F2 populations. Differential transmission of alleles occurred for some RFLP markers. Statistical analyses were applied to detect possible association between probes and abnormal developmental events. The high incidence of interspecific polymorphism will also facilitate the construction of a linkage map in Phaseolus.
Interspecific hybridization between Phaseolus vulgaris and P. coccineus results in mature seeds or abnormal embryo formation depending on the direction of the cross. In addition, differential fertility and reversion to parental types occur in later progeny populations, accompanied by recurrence of various embryo types. Normal and abnormal embryos exhibited isozyme patterns resembling P. vulgaris and P. coccineus parents respectively, suggesting that developmental abnormalities may be associated with specific combinations of parental genes. RFLP between parental species was examined and probes were selected for analyses of F2 populations. Differential transmission of alleles occurred for some RFLP markers. Statistical analyses were applied to detect possible association between probes and abnormal developmental events. The high incidence of interspecific polymorphism will also facilitate the construction of a linkage map in Phaseolus.
A protocol to achieve in vitro shoot apex grafting of Morus alba is described. Decoated seeds were incubated at 26C on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in 0.2% Gelrite for 10 days in darkness and 2 weeks with a 16-hour daily photoperiod. The shoots were excised from seedlings, and the shoot bases were soaked in 500 μm IBA for 30 min. The shoots were transferred to a vermiculite support medium moistened with half-strength MS salts and were incubated at 26C in darkness for 10 to 12 days. Seedling stems, now ≈8 mm in circumference, were used as rootstocks. Shoot apex scions 1 to 2 mm long were taken from adult plants of several major commercial cultivars of M. alba. The average successful frequency of in vitro shoot-apex grafts was 75% to 80%, indicating that thickening the circumference of rootstock stems was a critical factor. Chemical name used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).