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Abstract
The performance of young container grown apple trees of two ‘Delicious’ strains was studied under greenhouse conditions in a 2 year experiment. ‘Redspur Delicious’, a spur type strain, and ‘Richared Delicious’ were grown on seedling rootstocks in the first season and on seedling, MM 106, and M VII-A rootstocks the following year. Net photosynthesis (Pn) of ‘Redspur’ leaves tended to be higher than the Pn of ‘Richared’ leaves. One season’s data indicated that the Pn of leaves of greenhouse grown trees on seedling rootstocks was higher than those on MM 106. Leaves of trees on M VII-A were intermediate in Pn. The respiration rates were not affected by strains or rootstocks. Standard 2 ‘Delicious’ trees were more vigorous than trees of the spur type as indicated by greater shoot length, internode length, leaf number and total leaf area. The spur type trees had, however, a greater bark-wood ratio. Rootstocks affected both leaf size and leaf dry weight, but strains did not.
Abstract
Succinic acid, 2, 2-dimethyl hydrazide (Alar) sprays were applied at 3,000 and 10,000 ppm to vigorous young ‘Delicious’ apple trees in which yields were limited by insufficient bloom. Sprays applied at the high concentration after harvest in 1965 not only delayed bloom the following spring but also caused mortality of fruit buds and individual flowers. Alar sprays applied shortly after full bloom in 1966 retarded shoot elongation more effectively than the postharvest sprays applied the previous fall, but both were about equally effective in retarding fruit growth and promoting fruit bud formation during the 1966 growing season. The postharvest sprays caused an oblate fruit shape the following year. Alar sprays increased fruit firmness, but did not significantly affect soluble solids or titratable acids. The Alar-induced flowering was responsible for large increases in yield in 1967. Trees which were induced to flower profusely had a very light return bloom in 1968.
Abstract
Overtree misting for bloom delay reduced fruit set of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) flowers hand-pollinated with ‘Jonathan’ or ‘Golden Delicious’ pollen in 1978, or open-pollinated or hand cross-pollinated with ‘Jonathan’ pollen in 1979. Misting did not affect fruit set of flowers that were open-pollinated in 1978 or self-pollinated in 1979. The number of seeds per fruit was not reduced. Soil Ca, Mg, pH and base saturation of Ca and Mg were increased, and flower and spur leaves contained lower concentrations of N, P, K, B, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu at either full bloom or petal fall as a result of misting. Foliar sprays of B increased B concentrations but did not influence fruit set on either misted or nonmisted trees.
Highbush (Vaccinium corvmbosum L.) rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade) and southern highbush (Vaccinium spp.) blueberries grown at seven locations in six southern states were sampled in 1988 and 1989 to determine foliar elemental levels among blueberry cultivars and types. Across locations, elemental levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Al were similar for highbush and southern highbush types. Rabbiteye elemental levels were different from highbush and southern highbush for N, P, K, Ca, S, Mn, Cu and Al. The findings indicate that similar standard foliar levels can be used for highbush and southern highbush blueberries in determining nutritional status of plantings by foliar analysis. Rabbiteye blueberries appear to have different foliar levels, and may require species-specific standards for nutritional monitoring of plantings.
Highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade), and southern highbush (Vaccinium spp.) blueberries grown at seven locations in six southern states were sampled in 1988 and 1989 to determine foliar elemental levels among blueberry cultivars and types. Across locations, elemental levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Al were similar for highbush and southern highbush types. Rabbiteye elemental levels were different from highbush and southern highbush for N, P, K, Ca, S, Mn, Cu, and Al. Rabbiteye blueberries appear to have different foliar levels, and may require species-specific standards for nutritional monitoring of plantings.