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Fairy ring has become a troublesome and persistent disease on golf course putting greens and other turf areas in most regions of the United States. Many basidiomycete fungi are associated with this destructive disease in turfgrass. Recent widespread epidemics of fairy ring have led investigators to examine possible management and control options. Curative approaches include topical flutolanil fungicide applications in conjunction with soil surfactants, the application of flutolanil under high-pressure injection, and the use of nitrogen fertility programs. These curative programs were effective at suppressing visual symptoms and turfgrass injury. A preventive approach evaluated repeat applications of flutolanil plus a soil surfactant prior to disease development. This preventive program was effective at eliminating visual disease symptoms on bermudagrass putting greens. Information presented will review results from field research studies conducted over the past 3 years in Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, and Virginia.
Abstract
A mosaic disease of wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera L.) occurring in Florida is described. Affected plants had small, distorted leaves that displayed a virus-like mosaic pattern characterized by pale green blistered areas interspersed with dark green, normal-colored tissues. Affected epidermal, palisade, and spongy mesophyll cells were disorganized, distorted, and frequently contained fewer definable chloroplasts than healthy leaves. Standard virus indexing techniques yielded no evidence of a viral etiology; however, a new species of eriophyid mite, Calepitrimerus ceriferaphagus Cromroy, was recovered from symptomatic tissue. Symptomatic plants produced symptomless new growth after treatment with the systemic acaricide oxamyl, suggesting an association of the mite with the mosaic disease. Chemical name used: methyl 2-(dimethyl-amino)-N-[[methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]-2-oxoethanimidothioate(oxamyl).